Como Formar um Chunk - Parte 1

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Del curso dictado por McMaster University

Aprendendo a aprender: ferramentas mentais poderosas para ajudá-lo a dominar assuntos difíceis (em Português) [Learning How to Learn]

2157 calificaciones

McMaster University

Aprendendo a aprender: ferramentas mentais poderosas para ajudá-lo a dominar assuntos difíceis (em Português) [Learning How to Learn]

2157 calificaciones

Este curso dá-lhe acesso fácil a técnicas de aprendizagem de valor inestimável, usadas por especialistas em Arte, Música, Literatura, Matemática, Ciência, Esportes e muitas outras disciplinas. Vamos aprender sobre a forma como o cérebro usa dois modos de aprendizagem muito diferentes e como ele encapsula (em "pedaços") informações. Também vamos falar sobre ilusões de aprendizagem, técnicas de memória, lidar com a procrastinação, e as melhores práticas apresentadas pela investigação a ser mais eficaz em o ajudar a dominar assuntos difíceis. Usando essas abordagens, não importa os seus níveis de habilidade em tópicos que você gostaria de dominar, você pode mudar o seu pensamento e mudar sua vida. Se você já é um especialista, essa "espiada embaixo do capô" lhe dará ideias para turbinar sua aprendizagem de forma bem sucedida, incluindo dicas contra intuitivas para realização de testes, que lhe ajudarão a fazer o melhor uso do seu tempo em deveres de casa e situações de problemas. Se estiver com dificuldades, você verá um tesouro estruturado de técnicas práticas que lhe mostrarão o que precisa fazer para entrar nos trilhos. Se você já quis melhorar em qualquer coisa, este curso vai servir como um guia. This is a translated version. To join the original English version, visit this page: https://www.coursera.org/learn/learning-how-to-learn Este curso está disponível também em Espanhol. Para entrar na versão completamente traduzida, visite esta página: https://www.coursera.org/learn/aprendiendo-a-aprender⏎ Este curso está disponível também em Chinês. Para entrar na versão completamente traduzida, visite esta página: https://www.coursera.org/learn/ruhe-xuexi

De la lección

Processo de Associação em Blocos ("Chunking")

Neste módulo vamos falar sobre blocos de memória. Blocos de memória são pacotes compactos de informação que a sua mente consegue acessar facilmente. Vamos falar sobre como você pode formar estes blocos, como você pode usá-los para melhorar seu entendimento e criatividade e como estes blocos podem ajudá-lo a ir melhor em provas. Também vamos explorar Ilusões de Competência no aprendizado, os desafios do Aprendizado Exaustivo e as vantagens do Entrelaçamento.

Introdução à Associação em Blocos (Chunking)1:08

O que é um Associação em Blocos ("Chunk")?6:05

Como Formar um Chunk - Parte 15:07

Como Formar um Chunk - Parte 27:09

Ilusões de Competência8:31

Conoce a los instructores

Dr. Barbara Oakley
Ramón y Cajal Distinguished Scholar of Global Digital Learning, McMaster University
Professor of Engineering, Industrial & Systems Engineering, Oakland University
Dr. Terrence Sejnowski
Francis Crick Professor at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies
Computational Neurobiology Laboratory
Manuel Ataíde

In this video, we're going to give you

a little background about how to make a chunk.

If you're learning to play a difficult

song on the guitar, the neural representation

of the song in your mind can be considered as a rather large chunk.

You would first listen to the song.

Maybe you'd even watch someone else playing the song especially if you were

just a beginner who was learning things like, how to hold the guitar.

Getting an initial sense of the pattern you want to

master for yourself is similar for most subjects or skills.

You often have to grasp little bits of songs that become

neuro mini-chunks, which will later join together into larger chunks.

For example, over several days, you might learn how to smoothly

place the musical passages on a guitar, and when you've grasped

those passages, you could join them together with other passages that

you've learned, gradually putting everything together

so you can play the song.

In learning a sport, say basketball, soccer, golf.

You grasp and master various bits and pieces of the skills you need.

You're creating little neural mini-chunks, that you

can then gradually knit together into larger neural chunks.

Later you can hit those larger chunks into still larger

and more complex chunks that you can draw up in

an instant, in reaction to say to a slight, shift

and twist in a soccer ball that's coming your way.

The best chunks are the ones that are so well ingrained, that

you don't even have to consciously

think about connecting the neural pattern together.

That, actually, is the point of making complex

ideas, movements or reactions into a single chunk.

You can see this in language learning.

In the beginning often just saying a single word with the

proper nuance, tone and accent involves a lot of practice.

Stringing extemporaneous sentences together involves the ability to creatively

mix together various complex mini-chunks and chunks in the new language.

To see what I mean, try repeating the

following tongue-twister in the Indian language of Kannada.

>> Hi, I am Shilpa Konkani.

I am native speaker of Kannada which is

one of the oldest language spoken in India.

Today, I'm going share you a tongue-twister in Kannada.

So let's get started.

Terikere yri male muru kari kurimari meyuthiddavu. >> Not easy, is it?

Unless you are a native

speaker of Kannada,

but the language was

learned bit by bit.

Learning in math and science involves the same approach.

When you're learning new math and science material,

you're often given sample problems with worked out solutions.

This is because, when you're first trying to understand how

to work a problem, you have a heavy cognitive load.

So it helps to start out with a work through example.

It's like first listening to a song before trying to play the song yourself.

Most of the details of the work out solution are right there, and your

job is simply to figure out why the steps are taken the way they are.

They can help you see the key features, and underline principles of a problem.

One concern about using worked out examples in math and science to help you

in starting to form chunks, is that it can be all too easy to focus too

much on why an individual step works and not on the connection between steps.

That is,

On why this particular step is the next thing you should do.

So keep in mind that I'm not just talking about

a cookie-cutter, just-do-as-you're told, mindless

approach when following a worked-out solution.

It's more like using a road map to help you when traveling to a new place.

Pay attention to what's going on around you when you're using the

map, and soon you'll find yourself able to get there on your own.

You'll even be able to figure out new ways of getting there.

Next, we'll walk you through the actual steps of chunk formation.

I'm Barbara Oakley.

Thanks for learning how to learn.

[MUSIC]

#Hey little girl sometimes the times get hard but soon

#the storm will pass and you'll be playing in the yard.

#Hey little girl sometimes you might feel sad but some

#day you'll realize it really ain't that bad. Just part of growing up.#

[MUSIC]

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