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Del curso dictado por McMaster University

Aprendiendo a aprender: Poderosas herramientas mentales con las que podrás dominar temas difíciles (Learning How to Learn)

2246 calificaciones

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McMaster University

Aprendiendo a aprender: Poderosas herramientas mentales con las que podrás dominar temas difíciles (Learning How to Learn)

2246 calificaciones

Este curso te brinda acceso a invaluables técnicas de aprendizaje utilizadas por expertos en arte, música, literatura, matemáticas, ciencia, deportes y muchas otras disciplinas. Aprenderemos cómo el cerebro utiliza dos modos de aprendizaje muy distintos y cómo encapsula (“fragmenta”) la información. También hablaremos sobre ilusiones de aprendizaje, técnicas de memoria, cómo ocuparse de la procrastinación y las mejores prácticas, según lo demuestra la investigación, para ayudarte a dominar los temas más complicados. Con estos enfoques, más allá de tus niveles de destreza en los temas que quieras dominar, puedes cambiar tu pensamiento y tu vida. Si ya eres un experto, este vistazo de la maquinaria cerebral te dará ideas para disparar un nuevo aprendizaje poderoso, con consejos contraintuitivos para presentar exámenes y perspectivas que te ayudarán a aprovechar al máximo el tiempo que dedicas a las tareas y a la resolución de problemas. Si estás teniendo dificultades, descubrirás un cofre del tesoro estructurado con técnicas prácticas que te orientan acerca de lo que debes hacer para mejorar. Si alguna vez deseaste ser mejor en algún ámbito del aprendizaje, este curso te servirá como guía. Este curso también está disponible otros idiomas: Para unirte a la versión en inglés, visita: https://www.coursera.org/learn/learning-how-to-learn Para unirte a la versión en portugués, visita: https://www.coursera.org/learn/aprender Para unirte a la versión en chino, visita: https://www.coursera.org/learn/ruhe-xuexi

De la lección

Renacimiento del aprendizaje y cómo liberar tu potencial

En este módulo vamos a hablar más sobre ideas y técnicas importantes que mejorarán tu capacidad de aprender. También descubrirás cómo interactuar mejor con otros estudiantes, cómo reconocer tus propias fortalezas y cómo evitar el “síndrome del impostor”. Los pilotos de combate y los cirujanos usan listas de comprobación para ayudarles con su tareas fundamentales... tú puedes usar una lista similar para prepararte para las evaluaciones. En definitiva, aprenderás más acerca del placer de vivir aprendiendo.

El valor del trabajo en equipo6:23

Lista de comprobación de las pruebas3:27

Comienzo difícil: Un salto a una continuación fácil4:34

Instrucciones útiles finales para pruebas5:48

Cierre del curso de Terrence Sejnowski y Barbara Oakley2:34

Conoce a los instructores

Dr. Barbara Oakley
Ramón y Cajal Distinguished Scholar of Global Digital Learning, McMaster University
Professor of Engineering, Industrial & Systems Engineering, Oakland University
Dr. Terrence Sejnowski
Francis Crick Professor at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies
Computational Neurobiology Laboratory
M.S. Orlando Trejo
Assistant Professor
Department of Electronics and Circuits, Universidad Simón Bolívar

[BLANK_AUDIO]

If you're a stressed out test taker, keep in mind that

the body puts out chemicals such as cortisol when it's under stress.

This can cause sweaty palms, a racing heart, a knot on the pit of your stomach.

But interestingly, research finds, it's how you interpret these symptoms.

The story you tell yourself about why you're stressed makes all the difference.

If you shift your thinking from, this test has made me

afraid, to this test has got me excited to do my best.

It can really improve your performance.

Another good tip for panicky test takers is

to momentarily turn your attention to your breathing.

Relax your stomach, place your hand on it, and slowly draw a deep breath.

Your hand should move out, even as your

whole chest is expanding outward like a barrel.

By doing this type of deep breathing, you're

counteracting the fight or flight response that fuels anxiety.

This calms you down.

But don't just start this breathing on the day of the test.

If you practice this breathing technique in the weeks before, just

a minute or two here or there is all it takes.

You'll slide more easily into the breathing pattern during the test.

Remember, practice makes permanent.

It's especially helpful deliberately moving to a deep breathing pattern

in those final anxious moments before a test is handed out.

I've gotten great tips on test taking from top professors from around the world.

And here are some of the best.

Susan Sajna-Hebert, a professor of psychology

at Lakehead University, advises her students to

cover up the answers to multiple choice

questions and to try to recall the information.

So they can answer the question on their own first.

If her students might complain that the practice test was way easier

than the real one, she asks, what makes the two situations different?

When you took the practice test, were you at home relaxing with toons on?

Taking it with a fellow student?

No time limit?

Did you have the answer key and class materials at hand?

These circumstances are not exactly like a crowded classroom with

a clock ticking away and no way to access the answers.

Tracy Magrann, a professor of biological sciences at

Saddleback College, tells her students to face your fears.

Often, your worst fear is not to get the grade you need for your chosen career.

How can you handle this?

Simple.

Have a Plan B for the alternative career.

Once you have a plan for the worst possible contingency,

you'll be surprised that the fear will begin to subside.

Professor Magrann notes, study hard up until the

day of the test and then let it go.

Tell yourself, oh well, let me just see how many questions I can get right.

I can always pursue my other career choice.

That helps release stress, so you can actually do

better and get closer to your first career choice.

And Bob Bradshaw, a professor of math at Ohlone

College, tells his students about good worry and bad worry.

Good worry helps provide motivation and

focus, while bad worry simply wastes energy.

Here are a few final thoughts.

The day before a test, or tests, have a quick,

final look over the materials to brush up on them.

You'll need both your focus mode and diffuse

mode muscles, so to speak, the next day.

So you don't want to push your brain too hard.

You wouldn't run a ten mile race the day before running a marathon.

Don't feel guilty if you can't seem to get yourself

to work too hard the day before a big examination.

If you prepared properly, this seems to be a natural reaction,

almost as if you're subconsciously pulling back to conserve mental energy.

While taking a test, you should also remember how your mind can trick

you into thinking that what you've done is correct, even if it isn't.

This means whenever possible, you should blink,

shift your attention, and then double check

your answers using a, a big picture

prospective asking yourself, does this really makes sense.

There's often more than one way to answer a question and checking your

answers from different perspectives provides a

golden opportunity for verifying what you've done.

If there's no other way to check, except to step back through your logic,

keep in mind that simple issues have

tripped up even the most advanced students.

Just do your best.

In science classes, having your units of measurement match on each side of

the equation can provide an important clue about whether what you've done is correct.

The order in which you work tests is also important.

Students generally work tests from front to back.

When you're checking your work if you start more

towards the back and work towards the front, it

sometimes seems to give your brain a fresher perspective

that can allow you to more easily catch errors.

Nothing's ever certain.

Occasionally you can study hard and the test gods simply

don't cooperate, but if you prepare well by practicing and

building a strong mental library, and you approach test taking

wisely, you'll find that luck will increasingly be on your side.

I'm Barbara Oakley.

Thanks for learning how to learn.

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