Functions

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Del curso dictado por Yandex

Big Data Analysis: Hive, Spark SQL, DataFrames and GraphFrames

88 calificaciones

Yandex

Big Data Analysis: Hive, Spark SQL, DataFrames and GraphFrames

88 calificaciones

Curso 2 de 5 en SpecializationBig Data for Data Engineers

No doubt working with huge data volumes is hard, but to move a mountain, you have to deal with a lot of small stones. But why strain yourself? Using Mapreduce and Spark you tackle the issue partially, thus leaving some space for high-level tools. Stop struggling to make your big data workflow productive and efficient, make use of the tools we are offering you. This course will teach you how to: - Warehouse your data efficiently using Hive, Spark SQL and Spark DataFframes. - Work with large graphs, such as social graphs or networks. - Optimize your Spark applications for maximum performance. Precisely, you will master your knowledge in: - Writing and executing Hive & Spark SQL queries; - Reasoning how the queries are translated into actual execution primitives (be it MapReduce jobs or Spark transformations); - Organizing your data in Hive to optimize disk space usage and execution times; - Constructing Spark DataFrames and using them to write ad-hoc analytical jobs easily; - Processing large graphs with Spark GraphFrames; - Debugging, profiling and optimizing Spark application performance. Still in doubt? Check this out. Become a data ninja by taking this course! Special thanks to: - Prof. Mikhail Roytberg, APT dept., MIPT, who was the initial reviewer of the project, the supervisor and mentor of half of the BigData team. He was the one, who helped to get this show on the road. - Oleg Sukhoroslov (PhD, Senior Researcher at IITP RAS), who has been teaching MapReduce, Hadoop and friends since 2008. Now he is leading the infrastructure team. - Oleg Ivchenko (PhD student APT dept., MIPT), Pavel Akhtyamov (MSc. student at APT dept., MIPT) and Vladimir Kuznetsov (Assistant at P.G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University), superbrains who have developed and now maintain the infrastructure used for practical assignments in this course. - Asya Roitberg, Eugene Baulin, Marina Sudarikova. These people never sleep to babysit this course day and night, to make your learning experience productive, smooth and exciting.

De la lección

Spark SQL and Spark Dataframe

RDD vs. DF vs. SQL3:44

Projection and Filtering5:21

Conoce a los instructores

Natalia Pritykovskaya
Pavel Klemenkov
Chief Data Scientist
NVIDIA
Pavel Mezentsev
Senior Data Scientist
PulsePoint inc
Alexey A. Dral
Founder and Chief Executive Officer
BigData Team

Hello, my name is Pavel.

And today, we'll talk about the functions that

can be applied to data using the DataFrame.

As you remember that working with SQL you

can apply functions to columns to get your results.

Unlike the function which you use on the python,

the scale functions are applied not to a single word

here but all the words in the selected columns at once.

It happens distributively on all nodes of the cluster.

There are three types of the scale functions.

The first type, mapping functions.

They are the functions that map one word

from the source code into one word at the destination.

Such functions are the majority.

The second one is so-called,

generating functions that transform each element into several ones.

Actually, there is only one functions of that type but

what the function that is called Explode and allows you to expand areas in the new rows.

For sure we'll talk about it,

but we will do it in all good time.

And the third type of function is aggregating functions.

They are used when you need to create a new record from a group of existing ones.

We will talk about them on the next video.

All the functions you work with in SQL are also available in the DataFrame.

There are more than a hundred of them and I will not enumerate them.

Otherwise, you might get bored and fall asleep.

I will just show you

a few examples of using them and give you a link to the documentation.

Let's take access_log and apply some interesting functions to it.

In the log there is an interesting field, user_agent.

This is a line of information that our browser sent to a browser about itself.

The line itself has had a hard time long time ago when

servers tried to send different webpages to

different browsers and didn't support all of them.

So, browsers had to pretend to be other browsers.

I believe it will be interesting for you to analyze it.

Let's create a DataFrame that points to the access_log.

You start from a simple one.

For example, you measure the length of the text in

the user_agent field or spark functions are stored in the Pyspark SQL functions package.

So let's import it.

You can apply functions to the columns with the Select method.

You specify the columns and the functions that interest you and execute the query.

The result turned out to be correct,

but something went wrong with the name of the column.

Set the new column name through the last method and execute again.

That's much better. Let's look at the urls now.

Clearly, something is missing in them.

They miss the domains signs

a web-servers often doesn't know in which the domain it works.

To be honest, it is an artificial log that doesn't belong to any real domain.

So, let's add the urls to vk.com.

That is a very popular social network in Russia.

That can be done by Concat.

Heck! You failed, if you scroll the error message down to the end.

You can see the reason.

Spark is trying to find vk.com in a column table and it fails.

But you know that vk.com is just a line and not a column name.

How to make this clear to spark?

The function Lit will help us.

It explicitly tells the analyzers that this is a string.

Here is the syntax. As a result,

you get pages of users which you can try to look through.

Most of VK pages are restricted to its privacy settings.

Can you find any page with open content?

Now, let's analyze the user_agent.

To begin with, just choose the field to look closer.

Now, divide each line of the user_agent into words using the Split function.

To make the columns name less scary,

let's assigns the name list to it.

You extract the words from the resulting list,

reference to them by indices,

or separate words per line using the Explode function.

It would help us to find the users of android from the list.

Wow, it results that Android is kind of a Linux. Did you know it?

Also, Explode is the first step of word count.

It will do it when you assemble the aggregation.

As you know, the user_agent you can determine the type of operating system.

I personally use it for visiting the site.

Let's write such a determinant.

It can be implemented using the When function.

Also user_agents that contain android sub-string belong to Android OS.

Let's add this as our first condition.

The default value can be set using the Otherwise function.

Let's check what has happened.

It is possible to add additional conditions into the When function.

Let's filter our users from windows in access_log.

They all contain windows in the user_agent.

You can do this by changing the When function.

In your homework, you can explore this function and

learn how to define other operating system.

In this video, you learned the types of SQL functions and how to apply them.

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