In this course, you will learn to design the computer architecture of complex modern microprocessors.
Scheduling Model Review
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Del curso dictado por Princeton University
Computer Architecture
267 calificaciones
De la lección
VLIW2
This lecture covers the common methods used to improve VLIW performance.
Conoce a los instructores
David WentzlaffAssociate Professor
Electrical Engineering
So today we're going to continue our discussion of very long instruction word
processors. And we're going to start talking about how
they. Change via a classical VLIW processor,
into a processor which can actually get a lot of the parallelism and the
instructional parallelism, you can get inside of out-of-order superscalars.
And to do this, we are gonna have to add a lot of extra features to our traditional
or classical VLIW. We're gonna solely work through that, and
we're gonna, basically, list out or enumerate all of the possible different
types of instructional parallelism, and where that comes from in something like an
out of order superscalar. And then we're gonna systematically add
features into a very long instructional word processor, or VLIW processor.
To, to get us, to that point. But I'll give you a hint that not all the
things out of order superscalar can get are easy to get in VLIW processors.
Or even possible in the realm of things that people have built up to this point.
So before we do that, I wanted to take a step back and review something from last
class and also review something from I wanted to clarify something that I said
about how a, the EQ model and the LEQ model are the equals model or the LEQ
model from a scheduling perspective. So let's back up to slides way, way, way
back. At the beginning.
And more of what, I was just gonna comment that the equals model of VLIW scheduling
and the less than or equal to less than or equals scheduling model, are just
scheduling models. That's all they are.
They're not actually something that's in the hardware.
They may influence what the hardware has to do or what the hardware has to provide.
So, for instance, if you have an equals model and, you have an instruction
followed by another instruction in your very long instruction word processor.
And, let's say the instruction reads the value of some register in sort of the
shadow of while the value's being computed.
You're gonna get the old value in the EG model.
So, as a, as a quick code example here. We can take a look at a bundle of
instructions here. Let's say you have something like
Multiply. R1, R3, R4.
And in the same bundle or in the same VLIW instruction, we have some other random
thing here. We are going to use the curly braces here
to denote that it's one, instruction or one bundle.
Then this multiply we'll say has a latency of four cycles.
So you can't actually go read the result and if we look at something like a EQ
model. We're gonna end up with, let's say we just
have some other instructions in here, but this one here is important.
We have an add. Which reads R1.
Note: this multiply writes R1 but as we said the multiply has a latency of four
cycles so this in the EQ model is going to get the value before the multiply.
So it's not gonna pick up this result. And then, let's say we just have some
other random stuff maybe some non-dependent adds and subtracts.
And I'm not going to write the registers here, because they don't read anything or
write anything which is read or written in these two bundles.
Maybe you have a NOP. And then finally down here, we have
something. Which does a load.
Of R1 and gets the result of this mulitply.
So all, all I'm trying to get across here is, this is a scheduling model of what the
compiler needs to do and where it needs to place code that we're talking about in
these schedular models. It's not a hardware roblem.
If we were to try and take this same piece of code and run it in a LEQ model, the
main difference is, this add here which reads R1, would not be able, would not be
allowed in the shadow here. So what would the shadow of this multiply
or the delay of the multiply. Because if you were for instance take an
interrupter or something like that and this add were to get moved later, moved
later than this load or moved more than four cycles later or three cycles later
you'll actually pick up the new value. You'll basically change the semantics of
your program. So if you were to do this in something
like a LEQ model this add would have to be above the multiply and you would have to
replace NOP. More of what I'm trying to get across here
is these are just scheduling models and not actually scheduling models the
compiler wants to use and not models, or, or not hardware models.
The hardware has to implement something, which makes sense for the scheduler model,
but when we talk about these different concepts, they really are just a software
scheduler model. Okay, so now we're gonna go back forward
here, and move on to. New contents today.
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