[MUSIC] By the beginning of the 1990s, the political elites in the Soviet Republics, the Republics of the Soviet Union tried to make their struggle against the Soviet system in general to be a apart of the struggle against the centralization of the state. And the struggle for their national states, for their national statehood. These made the reforming of the Soviet system not only on the whole unit and level, but also on the level of Republics and among those Republics. The Russian Federation was one of. So in Russia in the late 1980s and in the beginning of 1990s, the reforms sometimes went even more far and more active than on the Soviet Union level. The adoption of Constitutional Council in 1991 followed by establishing by Constitutional Court in the Russian federation. And it was just one example of many other, more active implementation of western-type democracy principles in the Russian government. So by the beginning of 1990s in the Russian Constitution adopted in 1978, there were adopted many amendments which implemented the new principles. At that time, more or less recognized on the whole union level. So the movement to adaptation of the western-type democracy in the Russian Federation was quite actively realized in these ears. So by the 1991 when the Soviet Union collapsed, the Russian Federation was already based on many principles which later became the part of the new constitution in 1993. But after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the debates on how the system of government need to be organized on the Russian government level made the political struggle very active. And the President and the parliament tried to protect different points of view on the organization of the government. The President advocated the system of presidential republic, the parliament republic and this struggle, these debates about the new for the government was it part of the political struggle between these two main authorities. And these debates were a part of debate on making new Constitution, but the political struggle led to a crisis of autumn 1993. In October of this year, the president made quite radical decision and dissolve the parliament with implementation of the army forces. So this was the end of debate through the implementing of the force. The decision on making the constitution at that time was defined by the win of the President in this opposition between the President and the parliament. So the new Constitution was prepared under the guardian principles, under the guardian by the President. So the new Constitution reflected the political interests of the President, and became the legal basis for the new political system based on the domination of President in the system of government. This was one of the most significant and the most remarkable part of the new Constitution. While the Constitution in general, the Constitution which was adopted in December 1993. And which is enforced now was the constitution adopted the borrowed from the western-type democracy principles like the democratic state, the rule of law, rather in not completely as the rule of law. But in German version of this principle like Rechtsstaat principle, probably the [FOREIGN] which meant slightly different meaning. But also in the course of this general approach reflected in the Constitution totally. So in the Constitution, also were guarantees of the human rights and human rights were declared to be the highest value for the state and in the system of legal values protected by the Constitution. In the Constitution, federal structure of the state also was a part of the new government system. The Constitution guaranteed the social justice in form of social stat. Social stat like in German doctrine and in German Constitution as well and it was the guarantees of separation of powers, and judicial control with the other branches of government. So the Constitution was based on that set of principle, which more or less are part of government system in all Western democracies. So it was the constitution which declared the complete abolishing of the Soviet system in favor of transplanting of new principles into the Russian government system. At the same time, some traces or rudiments of the Soviet system of government and the Soviet system of thinking about legal, political and economic organization of the society still remained in the text of the Constitution. It appeared in the establishing forms of property. It appeared in some guarantees of social rights, which could not really legally guaranteed from this point of view. They were not really effective legally and it was some institutions which existed in the USSR, and which were preserved by the Constitution. It could be as an example, the state procuracy or prokuratura being one of the most original institution of the Soviet system of government which still exist in the Russian Federation. So the new Constitution from this point of view combined some rude immense of the Soviet state system and the newly established principles of the western-type democracy. These principles adopted by the Constitution required a great changes in the legislation and these changes also needed to be a part of general modernization of a legal system. The new economic system formed on the basis of the new Constitution also required a new legal regulation. So the Constitution made these basement for making new legislative system, making new system of subordinative regulations and other legal acts and requiring to and then all the system of legislative and other legal acts. But on this system are required to make new regulations and require the new organization of the legal system. This was made during the 1990s and it was the basement for further development afterwards.
