好的开头是成功的一半 本课重点 一、为何演讲需要条理清晰 二、好的开头哪些作用 Hi, this is Alice. 大家好 我是Alice Some students once asked me that 有学生曾经问我 "Alice, I think we should Alice 我觉得我们应该 keep real in our speech. 在演讲中保持真实 We need to let the audience see our real speech. 要让观众看到我们真实的演讲 Shouldn't we just use our most primitive draft?" 我们不是应该用最原始的初稿吗" Wait a minute. 等一下 This is a very dangerous idea. 这是一个非常危险的想法 "Keeping real" is not "保持真实"与 in conflict with "polishing our speech." "美化我们的演讲"并不冲突 Sometimes, if you polish your speech well, 如果你的演讲足够优秀 and organize it well, 并且条理分明 it would be much easier and 那你就可以更轻松 much more accurate to carry your true meaning 更准确地把你的真情实感 to the audience. 传达给听众 Just have a look at these 2 rooms. 看这两个房间 Which one would be easier for you to find things? 你觉得在哪个房间里更容易找到东西 Of course, the tidy room, right? 当然是整齐的房间啦 It is the same with speeches. 演讲也是这样 Listening is very hard. 倾听非常困难 Save efforts for your audience. 我们要让听众听得轻松 For listeners, 对他们而言 a well organized speech is like 听一个条理清晰的演讲 a tour with GPS. 就像带着导航在旅游 It makes them feel that they are "in the know," 这能让听众跟得上你的演讲 encourages active listening 鼓励他们积极地听 and makes it easier for listeners 并且能更加轻松地 to remember your main points. 记住你的主要观点 And just like it is easier 正如在整洁的房间里 to find stuff in a tidy room, 找东西更方便一样 it is also easier for you 你记忆一篇 to remember a well-organized speech, 条理清晰的演讲稿也会更加容易 thus making you more confident when speaking 这样你在演讲时就会更有信心 and contributing to your credibility. 更让人信服 For speaking contests, 在演讲比赛中 a good organization sometimes 演讲稿组织得当 can be designed to give you amazing effects. 可以为你取得很好的效果 If your speech without organization 如果演讲稿结构混乱 is like a raw rock, 就会像一块原石 which is plain, dull and ordinary, 无趣乏味 非常平庸 then good organization can help you 而条理清晰的演讲稿 turn it into a beautiful jade 则可以让你成为一块 that stands out from others. 脱颖而出的美玉 Well, among all these elements in organization, 要想演讲稿能条理清晰 a good beginning is half success. 好的开头是成功的一半 So today, we are going to discuss about 这节课 我们就来谈谈 the importance of beginning. 开头的重要性 We hear all kinds of openings. 我们听过很多种开头 Just like the following 4 openings. 比如下列四种 Let's enjoy them. 大家一起来听听看 Today, my topic is... 我今天的话题是 Oh, that is a very good and important topic. 这确实是个很重要的话题 It is my great honor to stand here 非常荣幸能够站在这里 and share my speech with you. 给大家做演讲 It is a wonderful day today. 今天天气真好 The sun is shining and the birds are singing... 太阳高照 鸟儿欢唱 Do you like these 4 types of beginnings? 喜欢上述四种开头吗 Do you want to keep on listening after hearing them? 还想再继续听下去吗 Certainly, 很明显 these are all not very good beginnings, 这四种开头都不是很理想 because they are too common, 因为这些开头都太过常见 boring, dull and even irrelevant! 非常无趣 甚至和主题无关 Don't you think so? 你说是不是呢 First impression is very important. 第一印象非常重要 It is the same with the speech. 演讲中也是如此 How do you keep your listeners listening to you? 怎么才能让听众听下去 You need a good opening that 你要写一个好的开头 helps you catch the audience's attention, 吸引听众的注意力 motivate your listeners to listen, 鼓励听众往下听 establish credibility 树立自己的可信度 and earn support, 赢得听众的支持 and present your ideas and thesis statement. 并且展示你的想法和中心论点 And these 5 points 做到这五点 will help you do a great job in opening. 你的开头就算完成任务了 No 1. Catch your audience's attention. 第一点 吸引听众的注意 There are lots of ways to do that just as follows. 吸引听众注意的方式很多 Being interesting is always the first choice! 有趣是不二之选 In next class, 下节课 we will focus on this part more specifically. 我们会着重讲这一点 No 2. Motivate your listeners to listen. 第二点 鼓励听众积极地听 If you think just because 如果你以为 your listeners laugh at your opening joke, 听众被你的开场笑话逗笑 or pay attention to your personal instance, 或是在专心听你讲的个人经历 they will continue to listen, 就代表他们会继续听下去 then you are wrong. 那你就错了 You need to make them feel that 你需要做到让听众 they can get something from your speech. 能在你的演讲中得到收获 Therefore, you should tell your audience 所以你要先让听众相信 that your speech is worth listening to. 你的演讲值得一听 Tell them what your speech can do for them. 告诉听众你的演讲能带来的好处 Will it show them how to reduce stress, 你的演讲是否能告诉听众如何减压 lose weight have more interesting dates, 减肥 安排有趣的约会 or improve their health? 或者促进健康 No 3. Establish credibility and earn support. 第三点 建立可信度 获得支持 It is very possible that it is the first time that 你上台演讲时 you have met your audience when you give the speech. 很可能与台下的观众素未谋面 So how to make them trust you in a few minutes? 那么如何让他们在几分钟内信任你呢 How to keep them listening willingly? 如何让他们愿意倾听 People all like to listen to experts. 人们都喜欢听专家讲话 Show your expertise in the topic 通过你的经历展示 you are talking about through your experiences. 你在谈论的话题中的专长 Just like how I introduced 就比如我给大家介绍 Wen Ning, Wang Chenyu, 文宁 王宸宇 Peng Zhaoyi and Yan Peiran. 彭钊毅和杨沛然 Without telling you who they are, 如果不告诉大家他们是谁 you may be like 你心里可能会想 "What? Who are they? "什么 他们是谁啊 Why should I care?" 我为什么要知道" But if I tell you, 但如果我告诉你 "they are all my contestants in past 3 years, "他们是我过去三年里带的选手 and they won first prizes in national speaking contests 都获得过全国演讲比赛 and interpreting competitions," 和口译大赛的大奖" you may pay more attention to them. 这么一说你可能就会关注他们了 Besides, no one likes preaching. 此外 谁都不喜欢听人说教 So you need to influence the audience 你要积极引导观众 to view you and your speech favorably. 让观众赞许你和你的演讲 Don't act aggressive at the beginning. 不要在开头的时候太过咄咄逼人 We all don't like scornful people 大家都不喜欢那种趾高气昂 who see others through their nostrils, right? 鼻孔对着人的演讲者 不是吗 Be friendly, 友善一些 identify the audience, 认识一下观众 get well prepared and act confidently! 做好准备 自信地登台表演 Finally, show your thesis statement. 最后 陈述你的中心论点 Listeners would be more likely to follow up, 要想听众能跟得上你的演讲 if you tell them what you want them to believe. 你就得把自己想表达的观点说给他们听 Generally speaking, 一般来说 the opening should include 在演讲开头 both identification of the topic, 应该提出你的主题 and a preview of the main points to come 简要介绍你的要点 specifically stating your purpose in informative speech 在说明性演讲中 你得明确目的 or position in persuasive speech, 若是说服型演讲 则要摆明立场 and preview your main points. 并且简要阐述你的要点 Don't hide your intentions 不要隐藏你的意图 and leave your audience guessing, 全留给听众去猜测 like an iceberg beneath the sea. 你这只是露出冰山一角 This is very tiring, 这样很累人 and you may lose your audience very easily. 听众会很容易失去耐心 Alice, now I remember Alice 我现在明白 the tidy room and the jade. 整齐房间和美玉的道理了 Organization is really important, 条理确实很重要 and our opening should be well designed. 我们的开头也要好好设计 But can you share with us some real examples? 你可以给我们几个真实的例子吗 Sure. 当然 Here I have 2 openings of Winnie's speech 在Winnie的演讲《沟通的魅力》中 "Communication is Wonderful." 我们设计了两个开头 Now, let's compare these two openings. 大家可以比较一下 Today I will talk about 今天我来谈谈 how wonderful communication is. 沟通是多么美妙 Communication is important. 沟通是很重要的 From the very ancient time, 自古以来 primitive people knew 原始人就知道 how to communicate through howls and ropes. 如何通过嚎叫和绳索进行交流 Now in the modern society, 在现代社会中 communication has descended 沟通交流的重要性 to an even higher importance. 又上了一个台阶 In our daily life, 在我们的日常生活中 we communicate everywhere 沟通交流无处不在 to survive, to live 我们在交流中生存 生活 and to create social bonds. 建立社会关系 Countries communicate with each other 各国为了实现共同利益 to reach common interest and seek peace. 寻求和平而进行交流 It is like a wonderful bridge, 沟通交流就像一座奇妙的桥梁 a giant web that connects everybody 一个巨大的网络 连接着每个人 and makes our world alive. 让我们的世界充满活力 The loss of communication can be very horrible, 失去沟通能力是非常可怕的 just like how it happened to people 那些由于身体或心理疾病 who cannot communicate or with mental illness. 而无法正常沟通的患者就是这样 My dear students, 亲爱的同学们 I'd like to ask you: 我想问大家 from which sentence 她讲到哪一句的时候 did you start to get absent-minded? 你就听不下去了 Well, now let's enjoy another one. 我们再来看看另一版开头 My grandma was a college teacher before her retirement. 我的奶奶是一位退休的大学教师 She was intelligent, eloquent and graceful. 她思维敏捷 能说会道 风度翩翩 Because of her wonderful communication skills, 因为她非常善于沟通 her colleagues respected her, 同事们很尊重她 and her students loved chatting with her. 学生也喜欢找她谈心 Even after her retirement, 就连退休之后 they still visited her 上门拜访 to discuss about all kinds of academic projects. 讨论学术项目的人也络绎不绝 For me, my grandma was an amazing story teller. 在我眼中奶奶以前最会讲故事了 Before I went to college, 我上大学之前 she told me lots of vivid stories, 奶奶给我讲了很多生动的故事 and answered my countless questions. 为我解答了无数问题 My grandma is still alive, 我的奶奶依然健在 but why I use"was" here? 但为什么我会说"以前"呢 Because since 2 years ago, 因为两年前 she has been turning into a totally different person. 她仿佛完全变了一个人 Now she cannot talk, 现在的她无法言语 cannot laugh, 满脸阴沉 and even cannot recognize who I am. 甚至都认不出我了 She lost one of her most important abilities 她失去了此生最重要的 for her whole life: 一项技能 the ability to communicate. 与人沟通 OK. Thank you, Winnie. 谢谢Winnie Now we can see the differences, right? 现在大家能看出差别了吧 In the first opening, 第一个开头 somehow we just do not want to keep on listening 会让我们听不下去 and start to get absent-minded after a few words. 听了几个词之后就会走神 There is no story, 里面没有用故事 it sounds boring, 听起来也很无聊 and it seems that she's just talking about 而且似乎她说的内容 everything we all know! 我们早就知道了 If Winnie used this part in speaking contest, 如果Winnie在比赛中用了第一个开头 she could never possibly win the champion! 她肯定拿不到冠军 But in the second one, 但在第二个开头里 Winnie added a really vivid story of Winnie用一个生动的故事 how amazing her grandma used to be, 向大家展示了她奶奶以前多么优秀 and how horrible it was 而在失去沟通能力之后 after she lost her ability to communicate. 又是多么痛苦 A vivid story 生动的故事 can engage the audience in the speech, 能够把观众带进演讲中 generate them to keep on listening. 让他们继续听下去 And after the story, 讲完故事后 the last sentence just 最后一句话 naturally pointed out the theme of the speech 直指演讲主题 that communication is wonderful. 沟通是多么美妙 Don't you think so? 难道不是吗 Thank you, Alice! 谢谢Alice I see, that's really amazing! 我明白了 这太厉害了 I can't help writing my opening! 我现在就想写一个开头 But how to do that? How to write an opening? 但我要怎么写呢 OK, I know that. Don't worry. 先别这么着急 Next class we are going to talk about 下节课我就会教大家 how to write an attractive opening. 如何写出一个引人入胜的开头 I hope you can remember that 希望大家能记住 speech writing is an art of language. 演讲写作是一门语言艺术 You need to spend time 你要多花时间 polishing and organizing it 打磨语言 梳理结构 to make a good speech. 才能写出好的演讲稿 Keep practicing! 一定要坚持练习哦 请记住本课重点
