¿Qué es el diseño? ¿Qué hacen los diseñadores para practicar su arte y que crean? ¿Qué importancia tiene el diseño de las corporaciones en la sociedad y la cultura? ¿Quiénes son algunos de los diseñadores más importantes de nuestra época y que han hecho? ¿Cómo uno puede convertirse en diseñador? Estas son algunas de las preguntas que exploraremos en este cuso introductorio de diseño. Con frecuencia se ha descrito el diseño como solución de problemas, el proceso de convertir las ideas en realidad o los medios, mediante los cuales podemos hacer que el mundo sea un lugar mejor. En este curso, hablaremos de una variedad de definiciones de diseño, la naturaleza del proceso de diseño y formas de práctica de diseño como el diseño de productos, diseño de experiencia de usuario, diseño gráfico, diseño interior y diseño de modas. Hablaremos de estos temas mediante los análisis de casos de varias cosas icónicas y cotidianas que nos rodean. Este curso le ayudará a entender tales conceptos como el pensamiento creativo, estrategia de diseño, investigación de diseño, y el proceso del diseño para que los aplique a su propio trabajo.
Video: Disciplinas de Diseño - Diseño Industrial
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Del curso dictado por Arizona State University
Entender el diseño
198 calificaciones
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Arizona State University
198 calificaciones
Curso 3 de 4 en SpecializationCreatividad, diseño e innovación: Técnicas y herramientas
De la lección
Modulo: ¿Que es diseño?
Durante esta semana se explorara las diversas perspectivas del Diseño y se introducirán conceptos relacionados al proceso del diseño y el pensamiento del diseño. Contestaremos la pregunta ¿Que es diseño? y enfatizaremos las características de diseño en productos que utilizamos a diario (por ejemplo: en el vino, la cerveza, las copas de champaña, etc.) Al igual que en prototipos innovadores (por ejemplo: los equipos de bomberos, una cámara retrovisor en la sillas de ruedas). Durante la Semana 1: (a) exploraremos los elementos esenciales del curso y los consejos para ser éxitos en él; (b) aprenderemos acerca del campo de diseño y las características esenciales de éste; (c) definiremos el concepto de diseño según es utilizado en varias profesiones y contextos (Diseño Industrial, Arquitectura).
Conoce a los instructores
Prasad BoradkarProfessor
The Design School, Arizona State University
Greetings, everyone.
So, we've talked about a variety of Design Disciplines in the introductory lecture to
this module.
Today, we'll talk about one specific one referred to as industrial design.
Industrial design, which also referred to as product design,
essentially refers to the creation of consumer goods.
And this could be everything from the smallest spoon that you can
think about to the largest machine.
Let's take an example.
Let's take an example of something like a toothbrush.
Now a toothbrush, as you see in this specific example,
here you see a very generic kind of a toothbrush.
The packaging is very generic, it's just a plastic bag.
The toothbrush, as I will take this out,
the toothbrush itself is also very generic.
It's essentially a transparent toothbrush with very
little specifics on how one holds it, what it does.
So, one might refer to this as an archetypal product, right?
It's one example of what a toothbrush could look like.
If you think about beauty, utility, and sustainability,
those are three things that we worry about as designers.
And look at the market, so
you might be hard-pressed to find something like this in the marketplace.
It will be difficult to find a toothbrush that looks exactly like this.
However, you will find a range of toothbrushes with different shapes,
different forms, different kinds of grips, different colors.
You might find a variation on these bristles, some with larger bristles,
some with smaller bristles, some with hard, medium, or soft bristles.
So what happens with design is that designers look at people's needs
Brushes designed for children, brushes designed for adults.
So, what happens is that depending upon people's needs, depending upon what
aesthetics we're looking for, what kind of ergonomics we need,
designers come up with a range of variations on the idea.
So while this is a very generic, simple toothbrush,
what you actually find in the marketplace is something that's a lot more variation.
You will find a range of different kinds of toothbrushes in the marketplace.
So, in a sense, what design does is exactly that.
It looks at people's needs and
converts those needs into products that people can use on a daily basis.
There's a definition for industrial design, and
this one definition from the IDSA or the Industrial Designers Society of America.
And they define design, as you see on the screen, as the professional
service of creating products and systems that optimize function, value,
and appearance for the mutual benefit of both user and manufacturer.
So let's unpack this a little bit.
Let's look at some of the specifics of this definition.
So it's a professional service,
which means that you can get a degree in industrial design.
You can work as an industrial designer.
You can get a job as an industrial designer.
What does it create?
It creates products and systems.
Now, the word product, we all understand.
It's tangible goods like the toothbrush that we just saw.
But it also talks about systems.
Very often, products do not exist in a vacuum.
Products are essentially components of larger systems.
So a toothbrush goes hand in hand with toothpaste, which sits on a sink.
It might sit on a toothbrush holder.
So there is a seas of other artifacts,
other products that this product relates to.
The larger systems also includes all the people involved in making it,
all the people involved in recycling it.
So every product exists in a larger system, and very often,
designers are involved, not in the creation of just that one product, but
the entire system as well.
So what does this product and system do?
It optimizes function, value, and appearance.
And we've talked about the notion of beauty, utility,
and sustainability before, as the P goals of design.
Here, the term value is important.
What does value mean?
Essentially, it brings something of value to the people who are involved.
So if you are a child, you want a toothbrush that brings you value
as a child, something that you can hold,
something that's fun, something that has maybe a shape of an animal on it.
All those things bring value to that specific user group.
And it's for the benefit of who?
The user and the manufacturer.
So who are we designing for, and how will that design come to market?
I would like to add something to this definition.
What's missing here is the notion of sustainability.
As we create products for the mutual benefit of the users and
the manufacturers, we also need to think about the impact on the environment.
Why don't we say that we design products that are of value to both the user,
the manufacturer, and to the planet as well.
So let's extend this definition of industrial design to say that industrial
design is a service of creating new products and systems that benefit people,
that benefit manufacturers, that benefit corporations, but
also benefit the planet on which we live.
So, that could be one definition of industrial design.
So let's look at an example,
let's look at what industrial design is through an example.
So you've seen several chairs, right.
This is a very simple wooden chair on which you can sit,
could be a dining chair, could be a side chair.
But you've also seen chairs like these.
This is a folding chair that you can take outside,
that you can sit outside in your lawn or in your yard.
This is another kind of chair that we use in a cafe, could be used where you
have a dining table and lots of people that might be sitting together.
You could take this chair to the beach.
This is a reclining chair that also folds up.
So you can see that while the action of sitting is standard across people,
the contexts in which this sitting takes place, whether it's at the beach or
whether it's an office, or whether it's at home,
all those contexts then determine the nature of the design.
It determines what the shape of the chair is like.
It determines what materials it is made out of.
It determines all these other aspects of what that artifact looks like,
how it is manufactured, how it is used, etc.
So these are the kinds of things that we have to keep in mind
as industrial designers, as product designers.
Let's take a specific example of a chair which is designed by a company called
Herman Miller, and this chair is called the Embody chair.
What you're seeing in this image is a back view, side view, and
front view of this chair.
So, this is a task chair.
So essentially, it's been designed for people who might be working in an office,
working on sitting at a computer all the time, who might spend eight, nine, or
even longer hours in the workplace.
Of course, it can be used at home as well, but the primary application of this chair
is to be used in an office sort of an environment.
So let's look at this idea of this chair from the three perspectives that we talked
about, the notion of beauty, the notion of utility and the notion of sustainability.
So we've talked about this before.
If these are the three things that designers think about,
how can we apply those to the concept of this chair?
This chair, this Embody chair, how did it come into being?
Now, if you look at the kinds of products that Herman Miller has created as
its repertoire, it has a whole series of products,
as you can see the line up of the Herman Miller chairs in front of you.
The blue one that you see at the end, this chair, this is the Embody chair.
Now, one of the things that the designer was thinking about is the notion of
allowing the aesthetics, allowing the shape,
allowing the beauty of the chair to emerge through the design process, right?
So, as they focused on things like ergonomics, as they focused on things of
human comfort, as they thought about how do people who sit on a computer all day,
how do they behave?
How do they move?
As they thought of those things, the shape, the form of the chair emerged.
So, it is an emergent process, and this chair took on its form based upon all
the process of design that the designers were going through.
Let's look at the notation of utility as well.
So, one of the things that the designers set out to do from the very beginning
was this notion of comfort.
How can we make this chair comfortable for
long periods of time when someone is sitting in that chair?
What you traditionally see on chairs is cushions.
You see very often in a task chair, in a chair that one might use in an office,
you might see thick pads of foam, right?
So this foam, essentially, is the one that is allowed to compress.
It gives you comfort as you sit in the chair.
There's a certain compression.
There's a certain give, and it provides you some comfort.
This chair, this Embody chair, takes a different approach.
There is no foam in this seat.
There is no foam in the back of the chair.
So what you see here is what Herman Miller has created,
what they refer to as pixelated support.
So you see, each of these sections, each of these hexagonal regions,
are independently movable of each other.
So what this chair does is that it is able to shift and
move depending upon the individual that sits in it.
So what the company did, what Herman Miller did over long periods of time
is it did lots of ergonomic studies.
They created what are refered to as pressure maps.
They saw how people sat.
They saw where the pressure comes from.
They mapped out these variations on how people sit.
And that led to the design of this sort of a system in which the individual pixels,
as it were, on this chair can move, thereby, providing maximum comfort.
So, you're able to get a significant amount of
comfort in the seat without having to have any form of a cushion,
because one of the things that a cushion does is it cuts back breathability.
So, what this chair is able to do is without a cushion, it gives the support,
it gives the give, but
also is able to allow some certain amount of breathability.
If you look at the back of the chair,
you can see that there's a form of a branching structure.
So you can see this is a large area.
It branches into this, then branches into this, and branches into something,
gets smaller.
And then it gets even smaller further down.
So what this kind of structure does to the chair, again, it gives it flexibility.
So as you lean back in this chair, it's able to move.
It's able to flex.
And it's able to respond to the movements of the human body.
So if you think of the utility of this chair,
if you think of how the company has thought about the notion of comfort,
how they've thought of the notion of ergonomics.
It has created an extremely comfortable chair that provides the possibility of
sitting in it over extended periods of time without causing any health damage to
the people who are sitting in the chair.
So this is one key part of the utility of this device, of this product.
And finally, let's think of sustainability.
So, Herman Miller is a company that has been thinking about sustainability and
environmental impact of their products for very long time.
Let's look at some of the statistics of this chair.
So, this chair, the Embody chair, as this diagram shows, is 95% recyclable.
So at the end of its life, you can take it apart.
It comes with a set of instructions on how to take the chair apart.
And these individual parts of the chair, 95% of those parts can be recycled.
You can see a breakdown of the materials.
It has 38% steel which is totally recyclable.
Most metals can be recycled over and over again.
It has 38% of plastic, aluminium, textile,
foam, and 1% of other materials that are not classified in this diagram.
So, what you see here is a concern for the environment.
What you see here is that at the end of the life of this chair,
it just doesn't end up in a landfill, but actually can be taken apart.
And only 5% of it doesn't come back into the system again.
The rest of the chair can actually come back into the system, therefore,
minimizing the total amount of waste that goes out into the world.
And then, another interesting thing to think about with this chair is that
the chair, in addition to being 95% recyclable., 42% of the chair,
almost half of the chair, is made from recycled materials to begin with.
So the recycled content breaks down into 28% post-consumer and
14% pre-consumer recycled content.
So you can see that in thinking about this chair, the company Herman Miller
has thought about what can we do from a design perspective.
What can we do from the perspective of sustainability to make sure that this
chair doesn't increase bad environmental impacts?
But actually takes into account what can we do as designers to cut down some of
the impacts on the environment?
So what we've seen here in this presentation through the simple example of
this chair is that industrial design thinks of consumer goods,
like toothbrushes, like chairs, like cars, etc.
But it again, thinks of three important things.
It thinks of the beauty of things, thinks of the utility of things, and
thinks of sustainability.
So this one quick example of a chair should give you some idea of
what designers think about and what they create at the end of the design process.
Thank you.
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