20 - Satchit Balsari - SPHERE

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Del curso dictado por University of Colorado System

Foundations for Global Health Responders

21 calificaciones

University of Colorado System

Foundations for Global Health Responders

21 calificaciones

Around the world, we are increasingly socially and economically interdependent. Health on one side of the globe affects people on the other. Global health, once merely an ethical consideration, now dominates discussions and policies of global security. A diverse team of experts in this emerging field has come together to help you contextualize your experiences as a new or seasoned global health responder. By the end of this course, you will be enlightened about the changing world you live in, and have a much better understanding of the machinations on how organizations and governments are striving to improve health worldwide. You'll also learn how to keep yourself safe and be a savvy participant in the global health arena. You'll be prepared to travel and to take your skills to chronic/emergent situations and help respond to the pressing needs while participating in global health activities throughout the world. Week one will serve as an introduction to global health concepts with a look at changing trends in the 21st century; urbanization, environmental stress and resource scarcity. During week two, we will dive into global health security: food, water, energy, and the threats of a changing climate. Week three will cover the global burden of disease, infectious disease, the rise of non-communicable diseases, mental health, and access to care. During week four, we will learn about the stakeholders in global health: NGOs, governments, non-state actors; understanding where the money comes from, how it is allocated and the challenges of measuring results; human rights: what are they and how are they protected? During week five, we move onto complex humanitarian emergencies: forced migrations, wars, response standards, and the legal basis for interventions. Finally, during week six, we will end our course by learning how to be an effective participant--caring for yourself: pre-travel preparation, understanding risks when traveling outside your home country, and physiologic vulnerability. This course also serves as a prerequisite to the hands-on 'Global Health Responder' certification from the University of Colorado School of Medicine. If you're interested in taking this 3-day hands on course-- offered throughout the world-- please go to coloradoWM.org or email our administrator: marisa.burton@ucdenver.edu.

De la lección

Stakeholders

You've now learned about emerging global health threats, climate change in global health, the 'preconditions' of health, and disease burden. We're over the halfway point, and now it's time to meet the stakeholders-- the players, if you will who shape how global health is financed and how programs are prioritized and executed. Arlan Fuller talks us through the legal and moral constructs that underpin global health activities, and then we'll meet Dr. Satchit Balsari, who will interview Skip Burkle on the legal basis for giving aid-- very much setting the stage for week 5 when we focus on humanitarian crises. Dr. Balsari will finish the week by discussing the established standards in humanitarian activities-- i.e. the guidelines that humanitarian responders are expected to withhold.

Jay Lemery - Weekly Overview0:44

17 - Arlan Fuller - Financing Global Health11:30

18 - Arlan Fuller - Health & Human Rights12:22

19 - Satchit Balsari - Legal Basis for Aid and Intervention19:01

20 - Satchit Balsari - SPHERE8:36

Conoce a los instructores

Dr. Jay Lemery, MD
Associate Professor
Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine

After the Rwandan genocide and Great Lakes Crisis of 1994, many of the responding

NGOs were criticized for their lack of standards and accountability.

As a result,

multiple humanitarian agencies came together to develop the Sphere Project.

The Sphere Project was founded on the principle that all possible steps should

be taken to alleviate human suffering arising out of calamity and conflict,

and that those affected by disaster have a right to life with dignity and

a right to assistance.

The Sphere Project sets minimum standards for all humanitarian relief.

The project tells us how much water, sanitation, food, shelter and

health should be provided by any humanitarian response.

Coming up Dr. Balsari will give us some of the history behind these standards and

provide real world examples.

>> Today we are going to talk about the Sphere Project.

That encompasses the Humanitarian Charter, which we have covered before, and

minimum standards in humanitarian response.

First I'd like you to think about a refugee camp and

what it looks like, one that you may have seen, or seen in books or newspapers.

You may even have worked in one before.

You may have seen rows and rows of tents, portable toilets,

some cooking areas, children playing, or maybe studying in make-shift schools.

Refugee camps end up hosting thousands of families.

These camps often grow exponentially in their early days.

As one group of families settles in, another group arrives.

Sometimes this happens around the clock.

They have to be registered, rapid assessment surveys have to be conducted

to establish their immediate needs, their wants, questions about their baseline

health status, their families, separated family members have to be asked.

Behind this complex and seemingly chaotic ecosystem, there is,

believe it or not, incredible planning and order.

Ever wondered how one estimates what the needs on the ground are going to be?

How much water will be needed?

How much food?

How many tents?

How much space is adequate per person?

Per family?

Does a family from a slum in Mumbai affected by an earthquake

need less space than one living in a bungalow in the United States?

Who decides what is enough for them?

Today we're going to examine how these questions have been answered.

We go back to the 1990s.

The 1990s saw a rapid increase in humanitarian activities on the ground, and

a number of agencies in the world started engaging in humanitarian response.

Notable was the Great Lakes refugee crisis of 1994 when 2 million Rwandans

sought refuge in neighboring countries in the Great Lakes region in Africa.

Donors and NGOs were very critical about the response then, and

concluded that there needed to be A, greater accountability and

B, better standards in humanitarian response and service delivery.

A large number of agencies, largely grouped under two headings,

one called the interaction and the other the steering committee for humanitarian

response, came together to set these standards in humanitarian response.

From it was born the Sphere Project.

The Sphere Project has largely undergone three large iterations since then, and

have came to an official close in 2004.

Its focus has shifted to where it's facilitating the work of people already

using and promoting Sphere at national and regional levels.

The Sphere Project lays out minimum standards that one must aim for

while coordinating humanitarian response.

However, it is not only a handbook of these standards, but

it is an expression of commitment to the quality and

accountability that one must follow in the humanitarian setting.

And this was agreed upon through a broad process of collaboration

between hundreds of humanitarian actors.

It is important to realize that Sphere is based on two core beliefs.

First, that all possible steps should be taken to alleviate human suffering

arising out of calamity and conflict.

And second, that those affected by disaster

have a right to life with dignity, and therefore have the right to assistance.

While we now explore these minimum standards defined by the Sphere Project,

it is critical to remember and recognize that central to humanitarian assistance

is this restoration of human dignity to the populations we serve.

This humanitarian obligation, is the culmination of at least a century and

a half of international law that affirms the right

of those affected by disasters to assistance.

The services provided are not a charitable impulse, but therefore, only a means to

fulfill the international community's obligations to the effected populations.

While the Sphere handbook includes the Humanitarian Charter and

the code of conduct for all these agencies, it also includes

a technical section that spells out these minimum standards in response.

We will now take a look at these sections.

The minimum standards are divided into four parts.

First, water supply, sanitation, and hygiene promotion.

Second, food security, nutrition, and food aid.

Third, shelter, settlement, and non-food items.

And fourth, health services.

Each chapter outlines minimum standards, key indicators to measure these standards,

and also provides guidance notes.

This is a good time to reiterate that the standards are based on the principle

that populations affected by disaster have the right to life with dignity.

The guidance notes relate to specific points that should be considered

when applying standards in different situations.

They offer advice in prioritization and on tackling practical difficulties.

They share past experience, and alert us to gaps in current knowledge.

Let us take a look at an example.

Say there is a camp of 10,000 people.

How will you calculate how much water they need?

And importantly, how is this water going to be distributed?

How many taps or hand pumps or

single-user open wells will be sufficient in this camp?

Sphere gets into these details as well.

250 people per tap, based on a flow of 7.5 liters a minute.

Or 500 people per hand pump, based on a flow of 16.6 liters per minute.

Or 400 people per single-user open well, based on a flow of 12.5 liters per minute.

So you see the level of detail that the Sphere Project gets into.

A guidance note accompanying these standards will include instructions on

conducting a sanitary survey, checking microbiological water quality,

promotion of protected sources of water, water disinfection, etc.

It may also talk about lessons learned from past experiences and

areas of research that need to be done to strengthen these standards.

We encourage you to download the Sphere handbook and peruse through it.

Looking at these areas of delivery covered by the Sphere Project

will give you a sense of what the service delivery priorities

have been in the humanitarian sector over the last two decades.

As an end note, remember that this is a process in evolution, and

not without its critics.

For example, some NGOs feel that the handbook is very technical and

reduces humanitarian response to merely service delivery

without adequate focus on solidarity and witnessing.

But that is a discussion for another time.

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