（一） 代词的类别。 （I）Categories of Pronouns
代替名词、 动词、 形容词等的词叫做代词 Words that are used in place of nouns, verbs, adjectives and other words are called pronouns
代词呢可以按照意义分为三类：人称代词、 指示代词 疑问代词。 Pronouns can be divided into three categories according to their meanings: personal pronoun, demonstrative pronounand interrogative pronoun.
1. 1.
人称代词 代替人物的词叫做人称代词。 Personal pronoun the word that is used in place of person is called personal pronoun.
汉语的人称代词主要有我、 我们 你、 你们、 他、 Personal pronouns in Chinese mainly include me, us, you, him,
他们，还有这个她的她们 宝盖它的它和它们、 Them, her, it and they
自己、 别人、 大家等 （1）"我" Oneself, others, everyone etc. (1) “wo” (I)
是第一人称单数，指代说话人，复数形式是 "我们" 例如：例一的我姓李。 is the first person singular, referring to the speaker, The plural form is "wo men" (we), for example: “wo” (I) am Mr. Lee.
这个 "我" 例二的我们都是留学生。 This “wo” (I) here example two, “wo men” (we) are all foreign students.
这个"我们" （2）"咱" 也是第一人称单数，指代说话人，但是方言说法复数形式是 "咱们"。
The “wo men” (we) here (2) “Zan” (we)
is also the first person singular, referring to the speaker, but it is the form of dialect. The plural form is “zan men” (we).
"咱" 还可以表示第一人称复数 相当于呢 "咱们"。 “zan” (we) can also represent the first person plural, equivalent to “zan men” (we).
例如 ①别看我没上过学，可咱知道什么是好，什么是坏 Example ① even if Idon’t have an education, “zan” (I) know right from wrong.
这里面的 "咱" 呢就相当于 "我"。 The “zan” here is equivalent to“wo” (I).
②孩子，咱回家吧！ 这个例子中的 "咱" 呢不是 ② Child, we shall go home! “zan” (we) does not mean
"我" 的意思，它是 "咱们" 的意思，也就是说相当于 “wo” (I), but “wo men” (we), that is to say, it is equivalent to
"我们" （3）"你" “wo men” (we) (3) “ni” (you)
是第二人称单数 指代听话人，复数形式是 "你们" is second person singular, referring to the listener. The plural form is “ni men” (you)
例如：①你叫什么名字？这里面的 "你" 就是单数 ②老师叫你们呢！这里面 For example: ① what is your name? the “ni” here is singular. ② the teacher is calling “ni men” (you)! Here
"你们" 是复数形式 （4）"您" the ”ni men” (you) is a plural form (4) “nin” (you)
也是第二人称单数 是一种呢敬称，也就是说一种客气的说法。 is also second person singular. It is a kind of respect, that is, a kind of polite.
例如：①先生 您贵姓？这里面 "您" 就是一种敬称 For example: ①May I have “nin” (your) name, sir?The “nin” here is a kind of respect.
②老师，我想问您一个问题，可以吗？这里边 "您" 呢也是一种敬称 ② Teacher, I would like to ask “nin” (you) a question. Is that okay? The “nin” here is also a kind of respect.
（5）"他" 是第三人称单数，指代说话人或听话人以外的男性 (5) “ta” (he) is third person singular, referring to the speaker or the man other than the listener
性别不明，或者是没有区别必要的时候也用 "他" 来指代它的复数形式是 "他们"。 with ambiguous gender, or when there is no need to identify, the “ta” is used to refer to. Its plural form is "ta men" (they).
例如：①他是我同屋。 For example: ①“ta” is my roommate.
这个 "他" 是 单数。 The “ta” (he) here is singular.
②从名字看不出来他是男的还是女的 而这个里面的这个 ② the gender cannot be identified from the name. Here
"他" 未必就是男性，为什么呢？就是不知道是男的还是女的时候也就用的这个 男性的 "他"。
the “ta” (he) may not be male. Why? The “ta” (he) will be used when the gender is ambiguous.
（6） "她" (6) “ta” (she)
也是第三人称单数，指代说话人和听话人以外的女性 它的复数形式是 "她们"。 is also third person singular, referring to the speaker and the female other than the listener. Its plural form is “ta men” (they).
例如：①她是我姐姐。 For example: ①“ta” (she) is my sister.
这里面 "她" 是单数 ②你认识她们吗？这个 "她们" The “ta” (she) is singular ② Do you know “ta men” (them)? The “ta men” here
是复数，指的是女性 （7）"它" is plural, referring to female (7) “ta” (it)
指代人以外的事物 复数形式是 "它们"。 refers to the thing other than people the plural form is “ta men” (they or them)
例如：①这个苹果已经坏了 扔了它吧。 For example: ① the apple is bad. Throw“ta” (it)
这里面 "它" 就是指苹果，是东西 ②这些苹果已经坏了，扔了它们吧。 The “ta” (it) here refers to the apple, a thing. ②These apples are bad. Throw “ta men” (them).
这里面 "它们" 呢是指前面的这些苹果 所以呢也是指个东西。 The “ta men” (them) here refers to these apples mentioned above. And they are also things.
2. 2.
指示代词称代人或事物等的代词叫做指示代词 Demonstrative pronounPronouns that are used in place of people or things are called demonstrative pronouns
汉语的指示代词有近指和远指的区别 近指用 "这"，远指用 "那"。 Demonstrative pronouns in Chinese are different in near and far demonstrative pronoun. “zhe” (here) is used for near demonstrative pronoun. “na” (there) is used for far demonstrative pronoun.
汉语的指示代词主要有 我们看一下这个表格。 Demonstrative pronouns in Chinese mainly include let us see the chart.
那么 指代处所的，那么近指有 Well, near demonstrative pronouns referring to the place include
"这儿""这里"，远指有 "那儿" “zhe er” (here) “zhe li” (here), and far demonstrative pronouns referring to the place include “na er” (there)
"那里" 比如说：这儿/这里是我们上课的教室。 “na li” (there) for instance: “zhe er”/”zhe li” (here) is our classroom.
那儿/那里 是老师的办公室。 “na er”/”na li” (there) is teachers’ office.
这里面的"这儿/这里"、 "那儿/那里" 都是指代处所。 Here “zhe er”/”zhe li”, “na er”/”na li” refer to places.
指代性质或者方式的 用什么呢？近指用 "这样" What does demonstrative pronouns referring to nature or method used for? Near demonstrative pronouns are used for “zhe yang” (this kind)
"这么样" 远指用 "那样""那么样"。 “zhe me yang” (such or this kind of); far demonstrative pronouns are used for “na me yang” (that kind)
比如说 这样/这么样听话的孩子很少见。 For instance, such obedient children are rare.
那样/那么样顽皮的孩子很常见。 That naughty child is very common.
这里面的 "这样/这么样""那样/那么样" 都是指代什么呢？性质 What do “zhe yang/zhe me yang” and “na yang/na me yang” refer to? Nature
那么指代人，代替人或事物的 那么近指用 Near demonstrative pronouns referring to people or things use
"这位""这个"，远指用 "那位""那个" 比如说：这位是小王。 “zhe wei”“zhe ge” (this), far demonstrative pronouns use “na wei”“na ge” (that), for example: this is Mr. wang.
这里面的 "这位" 那位是小李。 The “zhe wei” here That is Mr. Lee.
"这位" 是近指，"那位" 是远指 指代时间的 “Zhe wei” is near demonstrative pronoun, “na wei” is far demonstrative pronoun. What is demonstrative pronoun
主要有什么呢？"这时""这会儿"， 这个是近指。 referring to time? “zhe shi”“zhe hui er” (now). This is near demonstrative pronoun.
远指是 "那时""那会儿" 比如说，例一：这时/这会儿他一定 在看电视。 Far demonstrative pronoun is “ na shi”“na hui er” (that time) for instance, example one: he must be watching TV “zhe shi”“zhe hui er” (now).
这里的 "这时/这会儿" 就是近指，表示时间 例二：那时/那会儿他在学习。 The “zhe shi/zhe hui er” here refer to near demonstrative pronoun and represent for time. Example two: he was studying at that time.
"那时/那会儿" 都是远指，也是表示时间 3. “na shi/na hui er” is far demonstrative pronoun and stands for time 3.
疑问代词用来表示疑问的代词叫做疑问代词。 Interrogative pronounsThe pronoun used to express doubt is called interrogative pronoun.
汉语的疑问代词主要有 下面一些。 Interrogative pronouns in Chinese mainly include…
我们来看一下表格，问人的 主要用什么呢？有 Let us see a chart. What are interrogative pronouns referring to people?
"谁 什么人、 哪，哪位和哪个" 比如说谁是你的老师？这个 “shui, shen me ren, na, na wei and na ge” (who) for example, shui (who) is your teacher? The
"谁" 问的是人，你们的老师是哪位？这个 "哪位" 问的也是人。 “shui” refer to people. Na wei (Who) is your teavher? The “na wei” here also refers to people.
他是什么人？ 问的也是人。 Ta shi shen me ren (Who is him)? It also refers to people.
应该注意的是，注意什么问题呢？就是 "什么人" It should be noted that the expression of “shen me ren” (who)
这种说法 是不太礼貌的一种说法，所以呢问人的时候 is not polite. Therefore, when you ask someone
最好不要用这种形式或者这些词语 问事物的用什么呢？就是 You’d better not use words like it. What words shall be used when it comes to things? That is
"什么东西" 或者 "什么事" 或者是 "哪个" “shen me dong xi” (what things), “shen me shi” (what’s up) or “na ge” (which one)
"哪本""哪件"，就是 "哪"加上量词这样的说法。 “na ben”“na jian” (which one).it is the expression that is added with quantifiers, such as“na”.
比如说，你做什么工作？这个 "什么" 问的就是 事物。 For instance, what's your job?The “shen me” (what) here refers to things.
你喜欢哪件衣服？问的呢也是事物 问处所的 Which dress do you like? It is also a question about things. When it comes to place,
就是说问地方的，用什么呢？用的是 "哪儿" What words shall be used? It is the expression of “na er”
"哪里" 或者 "什么地方" 这样的说法 “na li”(where) or “shen me di fang” (what place).
比如说第一个例子，你住在哪里？ 你住在哪儿？你住在什么地方？那么这些都是问什么呢？地方
Take the first as an example. Where do you live? Well, what does it refer to? Place
问数量，那么用什么呢？用的是 "几" 和 "多少" What words shall be used in quantity? “Ji” and “duo shao” (how many/how much)
比如说第一个例子，你买了几斤苹果？这个 "几斤" 问的就是数量。 For example, how many apples have you bought? The “ji jin” (how many) refers to quantity.
你们班有多少学生？这个 "多少" 也是问的数量。 How many students in your classroom? The “duo shao” (how many) also refers to quantity.
那问性质用什么呢？用的是 "怎么、 怎么样，怎样或者是怎么样" What words shall be used in nature? “zen me, zen me yang or zen yang” (what kind, what about)
比如说第一个例子：他是怎么一个人？这个 "怎么" 就是问这个人的性质。 Take an example of “zen me”: What kind of person was him? The “zen me” is used to ask the nature of this people.
第二个：昨天的电影怎样/怎么样？问的也是性质 那么问方式，问方式的 Example two: what about the movie yesterday? It is also used here to ask the nature. The words used to ask method
那么用的也是 "怎么、 怎么样，怎样、 怎么样" are also “zen me, zen me yang, zen yang”
比如说你们是怎么找到他的？这个 "怎么" 呢 For example, how did you find him? The “zen me” (how) here
不是问的性质，而是问的是方式，就是你找到他的方式是什么 或者是用 is not the nature, but method, that is, what method do you used to find him? Or the words such as
"怎样"、 "怎么样" 也可以 "你们是 怎样找到他的？"或者是 “zen yang”, “zen me yang” are okay as well.
"你们是怎么样找到他的？" （二）代词的作用 How did you find him? (II) the function of pronoun
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代词可以做主语、 宾语、 定语，有的还可以做状语、 谓语 1.
Pronouns can be used as subject, object, attribute, and some can also be used as adverbs, predicate 1.
