[MÚSICA] [MÚSICA] [MÚSICA] So to wrap up alterity has been studied in many areas such as philosophy, psychology, sociology, anthropology, cultural studies. The reason is that alterity encompasses many aspects of the human being. It is from the recognition of the difference that judgments, hierarchies and power relations are generated, gaps between social classes and patterns of behavior, where that other is judged different Let's see some examples of the approach of the term in these areas: The text of the sociologist Zvetan Todorov On human diversity: nationalism, racism, and exoticism in French thought leads to the understanding of those cultural groups with which we identify ourselves, and to the understanding of others as that group with which we do not identify ourselves to explain the prejudices towards the wave of African immigration in Europe. The anthropologist Juan Ricardo Aparicio (2015) recounts three moments in the history of Colombia to explain how certain indigenous and Afro-descendant populations labeled as different were problematic and had to suffer countless judgements and abuse in order to be governed. He explains that societies always and necessarily are immersed both in difference and in alterity and face them constantly. His reflection comes from the idea of the sociologist Emile Durkheim who affirms that there is an established order of entities that seeks to be perpetuated throughout any social context. In other words, we can see that this social order is the norm that will make us more or less susceptible to recognizing alterity. The sociologist Basil Bernstein was referring to a unique code of values in the school that functions as a pattern of unique behavior, without place for diversity. He said that this pattern discourages children from the impulse that leads them to understand situations different from their standardized environment. And finally, Judith Butler invites us to rethink the categories of gender and sex and proposes a theory of performativity. This theory focuses on the act that encompasses verbal and non-verbal language This act is what expresses diversity from the experiences of human beings. In general, being different has a negative or prejudiced connotation; sometimes for 'being' an immigrant someone who professes a particular religion, or for expressing sexuality in a certain way We also see this in Chimamanda's talk when she refers to what others imagine about Africa and what she imagined about Mexico. In this module we discussed various aspects related to our human nature. We saw that language is a transversal axis, through which we situate ourselves and place the other. We recognize ourselves through our way of expressing ourselves and at the same time we express our diversity through the different ways of communicating of creating and making use of language. Our goal in delving into these aspects has been to contribute to the development of intercultural dimensions from your own reflection on who is your Other, who is equal to you. In this way we understand that we can all be the same or different according to each one. This reflection allows us to contribute to the construction of more equitable and free societies in opportunities and rights. [MÚSICA] [MÚSICA]