[MUSIC] Virtual reality can be used in medical training in many different ways. In this video, we look at some of the applications in this area. First, VR can be used in immersive learning. Medical students can experience a surgical room through a 360 degree video, which captures real operations, and can be viewed on mobile VR devices. In this case, by being virtually inside the operation room, students are not only familiarizing themselves with the medical procedure. But also with the emotional stress triggered by an emergency situation that may arise during the operation. VR could also be used in surgical skill training. The idea here is that before performing surgical procedures on real patients, students can try to do it virtually. This is technically a bit more complicated. You would need model based VR, which would need to be programmed to respond to users' operations with real-time animation. Another issue is that, in order for students to really learn how to operate with their hands, we would need very high-end VR interaction devices. Which not only track the position and rotation with high precision, but could also provide realistic force feedback. This certainly goes beyond the capacity of any device you can find in a consumer market. Finally, VR can help medical doctors to improve their social skills, especially when it comes to dealing with patients who are very demanding, very emotional. Or, who have mental health issues that need to be dealt with sensitively. We developed an application for this in 2015 where we recruited several doctors, and trainee doctors, to go through a virtual consultation with virtual patients. The scenario had to be very interactive, in a realistic way, so it was implemented with model based VR. We animated and programmed some virtual patients to interact with the doctors verbally and non verbally. But this was not entirely autonomous. We had a trained experimenter sitting in the same room to monitor the situation, and they would select what the virtual patients did next. We found that qualified doctors were more likely to be able to resist unreasonable demands from the virtual patients than less experienced trainee doctors were. We will explain the technical detail of this later in the specialization, but let's watch the following video first. [MUSIC]