[BLANK_AUDIO] This is our last book, the same country. Don't be surprised, because you will see concepts, items, we already said before. Not a surprise. If you walk different way, different path in the same area from time to time, hey, I know this place, and this last walk is named the mind and the machine. Maybe another dream. We spoke about Leibniz dream, who wants to combine mathematics in logic. This is another one. It's the dream of putting, somehow, the man on the machine. And it's a dream, maybe a nightmare. That's another, another story. But it's interesting, we can talk about this dream with the same guides. The six famous guides we have now for this this lecture. Maybe we need another one, another one. Which is Norbert Wiener. Again, probably you don't know the name. But he coined a new, this man, coined a new discipline, cybernetics, cybernetics. In 1948, I remember, because I was born in 1948, in 1948 he wrote a book, Cybernetics, size of feedback and control system. It's not a coincidence today we talking about cyberspace. Cyberspace somehow is connecting to the cybernetics. And government, government is also connect to cyber and cybernetics. This is strange when you look through the words, but that's maybe for another time. So, Norbert Wiener had this idea of cybernetics. The feedback. Feedback's probably one of the key concepts in the systems approach. And remember the fifth discipline? The feedback. What's the feedback? It's the loop, the loop. Let's take an example. If I have a glass, with water, and I pour water somewhere, okay? If I want my arm to be exactly at the same place when I'm doing this, I have to adapt the force I put here. Because at any time, there is bit less water. So I have to put less force. Otherwise, I do this. So it means that we have loop, of course the human body's full of these loops. But cybernetics is about loops in the world and feedback and control system is exactly, exactly the point. But this walk, this [UNKNOWN] the last walk we had in the country allowed us to introduce another big thing. Psychology. I think I haven't used this word, psychology, since we are together. But philosophy is 2,000, maybe 3,000 years old. Psychology is new, is new. And psychology probably was not possible before Kant. And remember what I said about Kant? You don't see the world like it is, you see the world like you are. Kant, the Copernic of the mind, who put the subject object relation upside down. Kant made a discipline certainly possible. Psychology, psychology. And of course, I'd like to talk a bit about psychology. Why? Because again, the giants, Plato and Aristotle played roles in the history of psychology. In this sense. In 19, I don't know exactly, but the first half of the 20th century, the main paradigm in psychology was called behaviorism. It means, of course it's psychology, we can understand people when we analyze the impact of an action and we look at the reaction. In input and output if I can use the words of a computer. But, input output, if you understand behavioralism claim, we can understand psychology. Just by looking at the reaction after a certain post, a certain action. In the 50s, probably influenced by the new size of computer, etc., there was within psychology another discipline. Cognitive science, cognitive. And cognitive science disagree with behaviorism. Now, if you're a cognitive, cognitivist, you're convinced you cannot understand enough of psychology if you don't go inside the mind. You have to look inside two cognitive objects. What is an ID, etc. And probably you realize I'm a bit more on this side. And it's interesting to realize that in the end, both are connected to two giants. Behaviorism somehow is connected to Aristote. And cognitive science, definitely much more connected to Plato. One of the goals of this lecture was to show that in the end everything is connected. You can go and across you always have giants, people, human beings with strength and weakness etc. And of course, the dream, the mind, and the machine, dream, in a way, is split in two dreams, in two dreams. And now, we show you immediately what I'm talking about. You have one dream, let's called it robot, robot. And robot, you remember, Wiener. The control of the arm, the Wiener wanted to stimulate that the feedback and if you gone back, if you combine Wiener with this behaviorism approach, you can have something we call, you can call, artificial man. On the other hand, if you are more on the Platon side and you are convinced that behavior isn't, is not enough, you can combine ways to computer science, of the computer itself. And you can have like another dream, the artificial intelligence. But to be honest, I don't think. Maybe artificial man, you can have devices on the body side. You can do incredible things. But personally, I don't think artificial intelligent is possible. Why, probably I've told you during the lecture number two. Thinking is about deducing. Yes, probably, it's okay, with a computer one day, you can deduce 100% of the problems. But thinking is also about inducing, and I'm still convinced induction is for us, and we will be back on that when we talk about creativity. [BLANK_AUDIO]
