So just to summarize this discussion we've had on packet switching versus circuit switching, here's the main properties and what they each of them has. A guarantee of quality is a property of circuit switching. You can guess. You can guarantee and say you're going to be able to get this amount of service, because we're dedicating the resources. Under packet switching, you can't dedicate a quality, because packets get lost they get reordered or dropped or, and things of those sort of depending on the congestion conditions, so you can't, you can't guarantee quality because you're sharing the network resources. but packet switching has two main advantages it. First there's ease of connectivity, you don't have to tear down any sessions. You just kind of send and the network will Direct the traffic as it needs to go. under circuit switching that's not the case, right because you have to setup and tear down all the sessions each time you make a communication establishment. scalability, circuit switching is not having a property of scalability. We talked about where you can just add more and more devices and really. >> have a lot of that. and scalability ties in: you need to be highly efficient in order to achieve scalability. And we talked about packet switching, the properties of statistical multiplexing and resource pooling, help it to be very efficient, right? Because there's never any wasted resources as long as there is demand. but scale, the scalability property is part of circuit switching. But in the end, packet switching won the day for the Internet, and this wasn't really clear until the early 2000s, and there was active research going on in the realm of circuit switching up until the 2000s. And people still look at circuit switching, it's just much of it's switched, at least in terms of the Internet, so you're looking at packet switching as being the the dominant sharing. That's how the Internet works today, that it's on packet switching. The idea is, you know, guar-, quality is important, right? So you can't, you can't go without having any sort of quality of service, but the idea, the paradigm became, what's the cheapest scalability first, so we can get to a large number of devices, right? And we're going to do that by having packet switching, and then we'll search for other methods of quality control. Right, so we leave it to certain protocols to be able to say, well okay there's too much congestion on the Internet right now, or okay, once it gets, once the message gets to the receiver, the packets have to be reordered, and things along those sorts. So we can have scalability first just by using packet switching, and we have east of connectivity as well and then we can just have other means of, not guaranteeing quality but achieving high quality of service.