Brain Tumors

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Del curso dictado por The University of Chicago

Understanding the Brain: The Neurobiology of Everyday Life

652 calificaciones

The University of Chicago

Understanding the Brain: The Neurobiology of Everyday Life

652 calificaciones

Learn how the nervous system produces behavior, how we use our brain every day, and how neuroscience can explain the common problems afflicting people today. We will study functional human neuroanatomy and neuronal communication, and then use this information to understand how we perceive the outside world, move our bodies voluntarily, stay alive, and play well with others.

De la lección

The Nervous System

Neurobiology is a rapidly growing area of scientific research, and is becoming increasingly prevalent in the news and popular culture. In this course, we will study of the nervous system from a biological perspective by exploring the fundamental concepts in neurobiology, including how we sense the world, how we act in the world, and common neurological disorders.

The Brain and the Spinal Cord2:35

Brain Tumors4:46

Conoce a los instructores

Peggy Mason
Professor
Neurobiology

[MUSIC]

So remember that there are only a few

sources of brain tumors and the primary ones.

First to all, the glia that are inside the brain can start to multiply.

And the glia can multiply anywhere.

They can multiply in, in the cerebral cortex

and cerebellar cortex in the deep white matter.

There's a basically it cannot particular

predict where the glia is going to multiply.

So brain tumors can occur anywhere in in the brain if they are gliomas.

Multiple glial cells that are multiplying.

There are two sources of glandular cells that, multiply.

One is the pineal gland.

This is this midsagittal section.

Here's the hindbrain, here's the hindbrain, the midbrain and the forebrain.

And right here at the front end of the midbrain is this attachment.

And this is, this is half the pineal gland.

It's been cut exactly in half.

And it attaches right here.

And these pineal cells can multiply and take up space and make a brain tumor.

The other gland that's inside of the cranium

and that can make problems is the pituitary gland.

And remember that it attaches right here

beneath the, it attaches right here beneath the optic chiasm.

So, the attachment is right here.

And these pituitary cells can also multiply.

And that's called a pituitary adenoma.

So we've got gliomas, we've got,

tumors of, of glandular cells.

In addition we can have tumors of the meninges, these are called meningiomas.

And they can be, so the meninges are everywhere and so

you never particularly know where the meningiomas are going to be located.

There's one there's one more common source of these

tumors and that is the myelin

producing glial cells that surround cranial nerves.

Now, I realize that I just said a lot of stuff.

That may not be understandable to everyone.

But we're going to look here.

We're going to look here.

Here's the cerebellum, here's the ponds, here's the

madella, and way over here on the side are these little nerves.

These are cranial nerves.

They are exiting the brain stem between the ponds and the medella.

Do you see these two nerves?

So this one out here.

This is the one that's going to the inner ear

and it's going to be responsible for hearing and balance, vestibular sense.

And this one right here is the one that goes to the muscles of facial expression.

So what happens not uncommonly is that the glial

cells that make the myelin for this vestibulocochlear nerve.

The nerve that's going off to the inner ear, they become, they multiply.

And they become cancerous.

So, when that happens, they it, it produced

dysfunction of first the vestibular function.

So there's a problem with balance and then there might be a problem with hearing.

And eventually as this gets bigger and bigger, it will start to press

on the facial nerve, and there will be problems with making facial expressions.

This is called, they, they used to call it an acoustic

neuroma, and now people tend to call it a vestibular neuroma.

It is, in fact, a, not a neuroma, it's not of a neuron, but it's a schwannoma.

It's a tumor of the schwann cells.

The schwann cells are the ones that make the myelin for these nerves.

[MUSIC]

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