Demyelinating Diseases

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Del curso dictado por The University of Chicago

Understanding the Brain: The Neurobiology of Everyday Life

672 calificaciones

The University of Chicago

Understanding the Brain: The Neurobiology of Everyday Life

672 calificaciones

Learn how the nervous system produces behavior, how we use our brain every day, and how neuroscience can explain the common problems afflicting people today. We will study functional human neuroanatomy and neuronal communication, and then use this information to understand how we perceive the outside world, move our bodies voluntarily, stay alive, and play well with others.

De la lección

The Nervous System

Neurobiology is a rapidly growing area of scientific research, and is becoming increasingly prevalent in the news and popular culture. In this course, we will study of the nervous system from a biological perspective by exploring the fundamental concepts in neurobiology, including how we sense the world, how we act in the world, and common neurological disorders.

Meet the Stars: Neurons2:20

Parts of the Neuron3:57

Neuronal Uniqueness: Stars of the Sky8:58

Glial Cells6:47

Demyelinating Diseases3:05

Conoce a los instructores

Peggy Mason
Professor
Neurobiology

[MUSIC]

So remember that the glial cells that make the myelin, they're different types

that make it in the central nervous system and in the peripheral nervous system.

And because of that, people get a demyelinating disease,

get it either in the central nervous system or

in the peripheral nervous system, but not in both.

So the problem is either in the oligodendrocytes and

the interaction between the oligodendrocytes and the axon,

in which case you get a central demyelinating disease, and

the most common by far is multiple sclerosis.

Or there's a problem in the Schwann cell and its connection to the axon,

and in that case you can get a variety.

There are a diverse group of hereditary neuropathies

called Charcot-Marie Tooth, these are demyelinating diseases,

they're inherited and they typically progress and become worse with time.

There's also an acute demyelinating disease called Guillain–Barré,

which typically has a very quick onset, it's inflammatory, and

luckily it goes away after a while.

So what are the symptoms?

Well from our perspective,

the symptoms is that the neural code is disrupted anywhere there is demyelination.

So demyelination in the peripheral

nervous system is mostly gonna affect motor axons,

cuz they conduct, they transfer information the fastest.

So these are gonna have a lot of motor symptoms.

But once we go to the central nervous system, there are axons all over,

there are myelinated axons all over that do all manner of things.

And the symptoms that a person gets with

multiple sclerosis will entirely depend on which axons are affected.

Now there are axonal groups that are more typically affected than others

in multiple sclerosis, but there's no group that's always affected, and

there's no group that's immune from the effects of multiple sclerosis.

So the effects of multiple sclerosis are at a basic level

to disrupt the neural code.

But the actual symptoms that will result from that disruption

are going to be individual across the group.

Okay, so in the next module what we're gonna do is we're gonna clarify this

difference between the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

[MUSIC]

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