Lecture 3.1 - Twython Callbacks

Loading...

Del curso dictado por University of California, Irvine

Interfacing with the Raspberry Pi

849 calificaciones

University of California, Irvine

Interfacing with the Raspberry Pi

849 calificaciones

Curso 5 de 6 en SpecializationAn Introduction to Programming the Internet of Things (IOT)

The Raspberry Pi uses a variety of input/output devices based on protocols such as HDMI, USB, and Ethernet to communicate with the outside world. In this class you will learn how to use these protocols with other external devices (sensors, motors, GPS, orientation, LCD screens etc.) to get your IoT device to interact with the real world. Most physical devices use analog signals; however computer hardware is digital so in this class you will learn how these signals are converted back-and-forth and how this must be considered as you program your device. The basic design of a sensor-actuator system will also be covered. You will also learn how to build more sophisticated hardware systems using Raspberry Pi expansion boards to create fun and exciting IoT devices. Please note that this course does not include discussion forums.

De la lección

Module 3

This module focuses on how to have your Raspberry Pi interact with online services through the use of public APIs and SDKs. Many interesting and useful services are available in the cloud and this module describes how to write code that accesses those services. We define what an Application Programming Interface (API) is and what a Software Development Kit (SDK) is. We present some API examples and we show the use of the Twitter API in detail using the Twython package.

Lecture 3.1 - Twython Callbacks6:29

Lecture 3.2 - Tweet Response4:09

Lecture 3.3 - Responding to a Tweet (Demo)8:59

Conoce a los instructores

Ian Harris
Professor
Department of Computer Science

[MUSIC]

In this lecture, we'll talk about Twython and how it responds when you filter and

you actually detect a tweet that contains whatever string you're looking for,

how do you respond to that?

So we're using this TwythonStreamer class to do the filtering, right?

To search through the stream for a string that you want to find or

a hashtag you want to find, something like that.

So, in order to do this, to do what we need,

first we're going to define a new class, okay?

Our own homemade class that extends TwythonStreamer.

So what we mean by extend is that it's a subclass of TwythonStreamer.

So that means, whatever data and

whatever methods TwythonStreamer has, our new class will have those methods.

It'll inherit those, okay.

So we define that, so we'll make a class, call it MyStreamer for

the lack of a better name.

And in parenthesis you put TwythonStreamer to say, look we want to inherit,

we want to extend TwythonStreamer.

So MyStreamer now has all the same stuff that TwythonStreamer had.

And you might ask, well why would I make a new class if it's just going to inherit

everything that TwythonStreamer had?

Well the reason why is because you want to be able to redefine some of the methods of

TwythonStreamer.

So TwythonStreamer has a set of methods, and with certain names, and

we want to redefine some of those.

Okay, to do something different.

So by making this new class, MyStreamer and extending it from TwythonStreamer,

we get all the original methods and data, but we could change them if we want to.

So that's exactly what we're going to do, one in particular, actually.

So now, you're going to define a method, or really redefine a method,

called on_success() inside your new class.

So TwythonStreamer has this on_success().

But you are going to redefine that to our own thing.

Now, note that this on_success() is called a callback, okay?

Now callback, we've actually talked about this a little bit before with GUIs.

A callback is basically a function that's not called by your code directly,

it's called as a result of something else outside of your code occurring.

So when you're talking with graphic user interfaces, a callback is usually used,

like say you click on a button, then you want something to happen, right?

So that something that's going to happen, you write a function for that.

And that function is called whenever a human clicks on a button, okay?

So it is outside of the program's direct control, right?

You don't know when a human's going to click on the button.

But when they do, the callback is invoked.

The function that is a callback,

associated with that button click that is invoked, okay?

So that's the general idea of a callback.

There is some event outside of your code.

And you don't know when it's going to occur.

When it occurs, then the callback fuction associated is called.

So on_success() is a callback, on_success() is called

when a tweet is found that matches the criteria you're looking for.

So remember we talked about this filter function, right?

And we'll show this again.

But we talked about this statuses.filter method, right?

When this method detects that a string is found in a tweet, in the stream that it's

examining, then when it detects that, it calls on_success().

So this on_success() method, or function of method that you're going to define,

you want this on_success() method to be, to

describe whatever you want to do when you find a tweak that matches your criteria.

So if you're looking for a tweak that says Harris in it, right?

What are you going to do once you find it?

You find it, what do you do?

Maybe you print the tweet.

Maybe you say, I found it.

Maybe you do some processing on it.

Who knows, right?

So on_success() is describing whatever you want to have

happen once the criteria are mashed by a filter operation.

So you're going to have to redefine on_success() to do whatever you want.

So for instance, in our very simple on_success() call back,

we're just going to say def on_success.

Oh and by the way, this def is inside my new class, okay?

It's got to be inside my class.

If it's not inside my class, this won't work.

So what that would mean is it literally would be indented inside the definition of

my streamer class, right?

So I define on_success(), it takes, well apparently,

it takes two arguments, self and data.

And all it's doing is if text in data, then print found it.

Okay, so, well first let me say what these arguments are.

Notice it takes two arguments.

Any method that you define inside a class, the first argument is always self, okay?

That self is the object itself.

The object that this on_success() method was called from, okay?

Right now, we're not going to worry about that, okay?

Now it's an argument to the on_success() method.

But it's an implicit argument, meaning it looks like on_success() has two arguments.

But, if you were to call on_success(), you would write code that calls on_success().

It's because the callback, we won't, but if you were to write the code that calls

on_success() you would call it with one argument, only the data,

the self gets passed automatically.

So it's an implicit argument.

But, and now this data that's returned.

The datas a real argument, now, this data is a dictionary, okay?

Now we haven't talked exactly about dictionary, but basically a dictionary

is a bunch of data with a bunch of tags, named tags next to it, okay?

And this dictionary,

it contains the information about the tweet that triggered on_success().

So say I was looking for the string Harris,

then data would represent all the information inside that string,

that tweet, that contained the word Harris in it.

Now when I say it represents it, what happened is the different pieces of that

tweet are put into different parts of the dictionary.

But all the information in that tweet are in this dictionary,

in different fields of the dictionary, okay?

Now the field that we're interested is the text field.

The text field of the dictionary, it actually has the text, the string,

of the tweet.

So that's why, if you look at the code, it says if 'text' in data.

So if this data actually has text of any kind, then print found it.

And then that's all I'm doing.

So it's a very simple function.

So yeah, the text field of data is the matching tweet itself.

And that's just a very simple on_success() function.

Thank you.

[MUSIC]

Explora nuestro catálogo

Inscríbete de manera gratuita y obtén recomendaciones personalizadas, actualizaciones y ofertas.

Coursera brinda acceso universal a la mejor educación del mundo, al asociarse con las mejores universidades y organizaciones, para ofrecer cursos en línea.

© 2019 Coursera Inc. Todos los derechos reservados.

Descargar en la App Store

Consíguelo en Google Play