We talked about the Temple of Divine Claudius.
I remind you of a model of it here again.
And the relationship of that Temple of Divine Claudius with the temple,
conventional temple on top of a very tall podium.
The fact that that looked back to the architectural experiments very early on,
2nd to 1st centuries BC.
At the sanctuaries of Jupiter Anxur at Terracina and
of Hercules Victor at Tivoli.
It was that kind of thing that was being looked back to.
And it's interesting to see that it was that same plan, that idea of a great
open rectangular space with a temple as part of it, that was used,
and with the temple put along one of the longer ends, that was used by Vespasian
for his own forum in Rome, the so called Forum Pacis.
It's sometimes referred to as the Templum Pacis because we're not
actually sure how it was used.
We don't think it was actually used as a typical forum with shops and
a law court and so on, but may have been used in a different way, and
I'll speak to that in a moment.
So we don't quite know what to call it, and
we call it either the Forum Pacis or the Templum Pacis.
In order to see its location,
I show you this view of all of the Imperial Fora in Rome.
Those fora that line the Via Dei Fori Imperiali across from the Roman Forum.
We've already looked at, here's the tail end of, or the side of
the Roman Forum here, and right next to it, two Fora that we've already discussed,
the Forum of Julius Caesar, and then the Forum of Augustus.
Nothing else, this wasn't there then, this wasn't there then.
But Vespasian decides to build a forum himself.
In close proximity to the Forum of Augustus.
In fact, it's interesting to see that it faces, the temple is actually on this end.
So in a sense, it faces the Forum of Augustus.
So another smart, strategic move on the part,
a smart political move on the part of Vespasian
to associate himself not just with Claudius, the emperor who was divinized.
But also with Augustus the founder of the Julio Claudian Dynasty, and
the first emperor of Rome.
So to build his structure facing that of Augustus's,
his temple facing that of Augustus's.
But you can see that he wants to outdo Augustus, so
he make his larger than Augustus's.
This area here that's labeled as the forum of Nerva wasn't a forum at all at
this point, it was a street called the Argiletum, A, R, G, I, L, E, T, U, M.
And that street, the Argiletum, and you can see it labeled up there,
that street led into a part of Rome, a residential area of Rome,
that I've referred to before called the Subura.
The Subura was, again, a place where there were a lot of, I've mentioned it again,
we saw there, or there were there,
a lot of apartment houses mostly made out of wood, rickety apartment houses that
were lived in by large number of people with lesser means.
And there were consequently always fires there.
And you'll remember that Augustus' architects had to build that large
precinct wall out of peperino to protect the Temple of Mars Ultor from the fires.
They used to break out all the time in the Suburra, so
you have to imagine this as a street in between in the forum of Augustus and
Vespasian's Forum Pacis in ancient Roman times.
Also interesting is again the plan,
a rectangle with a temple on one end, dominating the space in front of it.
You can see there are columns all the way around.
There are these alcoves that open off the center space.
And you can see they're screened from that center space also by columns.
We know that some exotic materials were used here,
marble that was brought from other parts of the world.
We saw that beginning already under Nero, bringing marble from Asia Minor and