Quick view of the semi-dome made out of concrete.
It doesn't have an oculus, but otherwise it looks kind of like the dome of
the Temple of Mercury at Baiae as you can see.
And over here this wall that I've already described that shows you
how well the Romans can work concrete now.
Enabling them to open up the wall much more than they've been able to do so
before and allow even more light into the structure.
The greatest part perhaps of the markets of Trajan is this building here
it's the covered bazaar and it really is a market bazaar on two tiers.
You can see in this restored view the series of tabernae down below,
the attic up above.
You can see that growing vaults are used here and
in an incredible way, I'll show you in a moment how.
A second story up here with addition tabernae op,
opened almost completely to the sky.
An incredible feat on a part of Apollodorus of Damascus assuming he also.
Designed these markets.
Here is the market hall as it looks today.
What is it's ancestor?
the, Fiorentino market hall that we saw way back when with it's
single barrel vault.
Or some of the cryptoporticus that we also saw with their barrel vaults.
It's that idea, that market hall idea, but look how
sophisticated the Romans have become in their use of concrete faced with brick.
They have realized that they don't even need a wall to support vaults.
They can lift their vault on top of individual piers as they have done so
spectacularly here.
Lift them up, I describe this I think in the introductory level lecture as,
in a sense, opening up a series of umbrellas over the space.
They have opened it up.
So that light can flowing from the sides.
Light can flow in from, from either long end.
Just flooding the whole system with light.
Down below again the typical markets with there, with there, attic windows above.
But this is a real tour de force.
Probably the greatest, certainly the greatest vaulting we have seen thus far.
Again a test to just how far the Romans have
come from this to this by the time of the Emperor Trajan.
And any of you headed to San Francisco if you go to the to the market place there.
You will see that, that owes so
much to Roman antiquity with all the tabernae like structures on either side.
The vaulting.
I mean it's this sort of thing absolutely presupposes this kind of
architectural development.
In the one minute that remains, and
that's all I need for this, I just want to show you one last monument.
And make one basic point about it that really has more to do with
the transition from Trajan to Hadrian than anything else.
An arch went up in, not in Rome, but in a place called Benevento.
Which is about an hour's drive from from Naples in the south of Italy and Campania.
A place called Benevento, an arch went up between 114 to 118 honoring Trajan.
And all of Trajan's accomplishments.
You can see that's it's covered with sculpture, and
each of those scenes represents one of the accomplishments of Trajan.
It was put up on the so called Via Triajana,
taking Trajan's name, a road that was built from Rome to Benevento.
And was open, during Trajan's reign.