In this module you will learn how to use the methods of statistical process control to distinguish between variation due to changes in the underlying process of care and variation that is part of this process, including how to distinguish when variation in a measure constitutes evidence of improvement in care. You will use the statistical software package R to analyse real time series data using Shewhart charts, and learn to interpret and act on the results. Example data is taken from a project screening for Atrial Fibrillation in an at risk population, and data on time spent in the accident and emergency department