CVP Analysis with Multiple Products

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Del curso dictado por University of Virginia

Managerial Accounting Fundamentals

35 calificaciones

University of Virginia

Managerial Accounting Fundamentals

35 calificaciones

This course will teach you the fundamentals of managerial accounting including how to navigate the financial and related information managers need to help them make decisions. You'll learn about cost behavior and cost allocation systems, how to conduct cost-volume-profit analysis, and how to determine if costs and benefits are relevant to your decisions. By the end of this course, you will be able to: - Describe different types of costs and how they are represented graphically; - Conduct cost-volume-profit analyses to answer questions around breaking even and generating profit; - Calculate and allocate overhead rates within both traditional and activity-based cost allocation systems; - Distinguish costs and benefits that are relevant from those that are irrelevant for a given management decision; - Determine a reasonable course of action, given the financial impact, for a given management decision.

De la lección

COST-VOLUME-PROFIT ANALYSIS

Now that we've learned the fundamentals of cost behavior, we're ready to move on to discussing the relationships between cost structure, volume, price, and profit. We'll then see why these relationships matter as we conduct cost-volume-profit analyses to answer questions around breaking even and generating profit.

Week 2 Overview0:48

What Is CVP Analysis?2:12

Functional Versus Contribution Margin Income Statements4:24

Breakeven Analysis4:52

Your Turn: Breakeven Analysis Company A2:39

Your Turn: Breakeven Analysis Company B1:52

Your Turn: Breakeven Analysis Company C2:13

Your Turn: Breakeven Analysis Company D3:07

Interested in Doing More than Breakeven?3:33

Your Turn: Doing More than Breakeven Company A3:12

Your Turn: Doing More than Breakeven Company B3:05

Your Turn: Doing More than Breakeven Company C2:59

Your Turn: Doing More than Breakeven Company D2:58

CVP Analysis with Multiple Products5:18

Your Turn: CVP Analysis with Multiple Products6:33

Conoce a los instructores

Luann J. Lynch
Almand R. Coleman Professor of Business Administration
Darden School of Business

CVP analysis is relatively straight forward when applied to a single product

or service.

Using the tool when there are multiple products or services,

requires the assumption that the sales mix remains constant.

Now remember, the sales mix is the relative proportion of sales units or

dollars that comes from each product or service.

If we assume that the sales mix remains constant,

then we can use the average contribution margin across all units,

rather than the contribution margin of a single product in our analysis.

Let's look at an example, let's return to our t-shirt maker.

Suppose the t-shirt maker has expanded its product line, and now makes not only

the basic t-shirt it was making, but a deluxe version of that t-shirt.

Here we have the price, the variable cost per unit,

and the contribution margin per unit for both versions.

We see that total fixed cost remain at $40,000.

And the company sells one deluxe t-shirts for every seven basic t-shirts it sells.

The question for

us is how many of each type of t-shirt must the company sell to break even?

Again, recall that one of the assumptions in CVP analysis is that if the company

sells more than one product or service the sales mix remains constant.

Here the sales mix is one deluxe t-shirt for each seven basic t-shirts.

To use CVP analysis we must assume that mix remains the same.

So first we calculate the average contribution margin per unit,

assuming that seven to one sales mix.

That average contribution margin per unit is $6.25.

The company sells seven basic t-shirts at a contribution margin of $6,

and one deluxe t-shirt at a contribution margin of $8.

So the total contribution margin of one bundle of

seven basic and one deluxe t-shirts is $50.

And we divide that by a total of 8 t-shirts in the bundle

to get the average of 6.25 per t-shirt.

We approach the problem just like we did when we were looking for

breakeven sales volume when the company made only the basic t-shirt.

We divide the fixed cost of $40,000 by the average

contribution margin of $6.25.

And see that the company must sell 6,400 t-shirts to break even.

We know though that 7/8 of those t-shirts must be basic t-shirt's and

1/8 must be the deluxe t-shirt's.

So the t-shirt maker must sell 5,600 of the basic t-shirt and

800 of the deluxe t-shirts to break even.

Let's check to make sure we do indeed break even at these sales volumes.

We have 5,600 basic t-shirts with a contribution margin per unit of $6.

And we 800 deluxe t-shirts at the contribution margin per unit of $8.

And of course we have the $40,000 in fixed costs.

The total contribution from the basic t-shirts then is $33,600 and

the total contribution from the deluxe t-shirts is $6,400.

So the total contribution margin of $40,000 is

exactly equal to the fixed cost.

So our profit equals zero.

Let's think back to our analysis, when the t-shirt maker made only basic t-shirts.

We determined then that break-even quantity was 6,667 t-shirts.

But if the company sells one deluxe t-shirt for

every seven basic t-shirts, it's breakeven quantity is lower.

Why?

Because each deluxe t-shirt has a contribution margin

of $8 Compared to $6 contribution margin for a basic t-shirt.

So the company can break even by selling slightly fewer t-shirts in total,

because the deluxe type has a higher contribution point.

And similarly,

note that if the company sees a shift in sales mix towards the basic t-shirts,

then it will fall short of break even if it only sells 6,400 units.

Again, because the contribution margin per unit for the basic t-shirt is less

than the contribution margin per unit for the deluxe t-shirts.

On the other hand, if the sales make shifts towards the deluxe t-shirts,

the company will more than break even if it sells 6,400 t-shirts.

Because it will be selling relatively more of the higher contribution t-shirts,

the deluxe ones and relatively less of the lower margin t-shirts, the basic ones.

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