While the feudal army continues to be dominant for several, for several centuries in western Europe it doesn't disappear right away, but it starts slowly being replaced by what John Linegan calls stipendiary or contract armies. These are reflections of the money economy expanding and the kinds of resources available that allows some political leaders to, in a sense, aggregate more violence through purchase. That is, they no longer are dependant on these kinds of personal relationships. Now they are creating, in a sense, business relationships with which to produce violence. These often require greater cohesion and formal agreement of services. That is, that rather than having a relatively small group of men with personal loyalties and some kind of hierarchical form, now you have to bring together larger units where those personal connections, those personal loyalties are not quite as important as the formal terms of a contract. Much as the economy has been monetized, war in a sense during in this process is being monetized. Political institutions role is limited. They mostly serve as contractors of services. That is, that political institution is not so much about producing the army itself, whether from citizens or slaves or from whatever, but rather producing the kinds of resources necessary to hire these armies. And the classic example of these are the Condatieris in early Renaissance, Italy that basically serve as these, for sale, armies for sale that will go from one side to the other very, very easily, basically based on the delivery of some kind of, of money. Now of course, loyalties and personal relationships are still important. You still have the, the role of the leader. Certainly by the, late 17th century, great military entrepreneurs, such as Tilly or Wallerstein, become central for the, for the creation of these large forces. The key thing here is the increasing expense required. That is, these armies require a great deal of money. No longer can they simply rely on the network of loyalties that a feudal lord or feudal liege might be able to create, rather they're dependent on the state being able to produce enough cash in order to pay for these kinds of, of mercenaries. The technology of weapons changes. Where we had a single weapon in slave armies, again with exceptions, with feudal armies we have the centrality of the horse, now we get into a different kind of weapon. Basically it's the pike and the musket. These, in a sense, become the central, especially again as we go into the 15th, the 16th and the 17th century, they become the central weapons the central technology of, of destruction. And that's going to require again, a greater cohesion. You'll also get a very different level of fortification. No longer do you get these isolated castles. What you get is the new Italian style of fortification. Again, requiring much more organization, much more precision, and most importantly much, much greater amounts of money.