谈到中华传统文化，大家首先想到的莫过于以孔子思想为代表的儒学思想，但中华传统文化绝不止这些；谈到中医药，大家第一印象可能是针灸、按摩，因为她们已经走向全球，但中医药也远不止如此。医学、生物学飞速发展的21世纪，中医药学这一古老学科为什么还有生命力？她与现代医药学有何不同？为什么很多人觉得中医药知识体系不容易学习和掌握？因为：中医药学具有深厚的中华传统文化背景，如果不了解中华传统文化，就难以深入理解中医药学的思想和知识。 本课程就是希望通过剖析中医药与中华传统文化的密切联系，使大家了解中医药学的中华传统文化的背景，更容易理解中医药的思维特征、思想特色和知识体系。通过本课程的学习，不仅能掌握一些中医药的基本知识、中医药养生的原理和方法，还能从中医药的视角认识中华传统文化的精髓。
中医脏腑概念
Loading...
Del curso dictado por Shanghai Jiao Tong University
中医药与中华传统文化
105 calificaciones
De la lección
脏腑经络浅说 & 药性理论解析
脏腑经络理论，药物药性理论是组成中医药理论知识体系的重要部分。脏腑理论与阴阳五行思想有怎样的联系？中医的脏腑和现代医学所称的脏器是否完全一样？经络是世界性科学难题还是子虚乌有？中药的四气五味、升降沉浮、毒性偏性又是怎样的概念？让我们带着思考一起进入本模块的学习吧。
Conoce a los instructores
Peng ChongshengAssociate Professor
School of Pharmacy
Glad to see you all. This class we will talk about the fifth chapter: theory of organs and meridians.
Chinese Medicine believes the core parts of human body are the viscera, also named internal organs.
Which is basically in concert with modern medicine
Lack of arms or legs are not fatal, but one can not live without viscera
If one is without heart, liver or kidney, will he be able to live?
The answer is obvious: no!
That’s because they are the most essential organs of life, and they are indispensable
Is the viscera in Chinese Medicine the same with which in modern medicine?
There is an essential difference between these two.
Modern medicine defines viscera from the anatomical point of view
It observes interior human organs, which are different in both tissues and forms,
while Chinese Medicine define viscera from the functional point of view.
Sometimes, they are quite different from the anatomical conceptions.
This class aims to teach you the basic idea of Chinese Medicine’s viscera conceptions
is there a difference between the internal organs Zang and the hollow organs Fu
In Chinese Medicine, "Zangfu"(internal organs) is the generic term for interior organs
But there is an essential difference between the two
我们首先介绍中医里的“五脏” First let’s introduce the five internal organs in Chinese Medicine
The five internal organs refer to liver, heart, spleen, lung and kidney.
Most of them all parenchymatous organs, full of energy
Their main function is storage,
namely the five internal organs can deposit cereal nutrients for the maintaining of life activities.
如精、气、血等。 Such as energy, qi, blood and so on.
Are the heart and lung in Chinese Medicine the same with those in the modern medicine?
Heart and lung, parts of the five internal organs, are basically the same with their counterparts in modern medicine.
But are more close in positions and in forms.
The slight distinction is Chinese Medicine refers to pericardium
as heart-sac, or Danzhong, to show its difference from modern medical heart.
Especially when the pericardium or heart is experiencing pathological changes, the differences are more distinct.
Then is there a huge difference between their functions?
Yes, from the point of its functions
Chinese Medicine believes that except from blood transporting,
heart also posses the function of "Zangshen", namely charging deities
Or we can simply call it the function of governing spirits
Lung, except from the respiratory function
can also smooth the water channels and help body fluid metabolize
People often say that kidney and spleen are the most fundamental organs
Which modern medicine does not back up
Then can we assume kidney and spleen in Chinese Medicine are not the same with them in modern medicine?
This is a very good question.
They are not entirely the same.
Chinese medicine believes that kidney mainly helps human growth, reproduction
body fluid metabolism and also helps to provide and tend to the viscera.
从上述功能看，应该是多器官的综合体， From these functions, we can see it is a combination of multiple organs
Aside from kidney in modern medicine
It should also include male’s testicles and some functions of female’s ovary.
Among them kidney is the key part, which is the shared knowledge of generations of therapists.
For example, Huang di’s Canon of Medicine: Su Wen
And Yi Guan all mentioned that
“(kidney) is under the fourteenth vertebra, the width of each is 1.5 fen
The shape is like two face-to-face and curved cowpeas, cling to the backbone and is covered by yellow grease.”
This is the same with the anatomical kidney
And the spleen?
Chinese Medicine believes the spleen has two main functions
One is to govern digestive functions and the other to govern blood transporting
From the functional point of view, instead of looking it as the modern medical spleen
We should rather call it the modern digestive system
It including stomach, liver, pancreas and intestinal digestive and absorptive functions
And it also has the function of governing blood, which has no claim in modern medicine.
So what are fu, namely the hollow organs?
We just mentioned the Chinese five internal organs
Now we talk about Chinese five hollow organs: gallbladder, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, bladder and sanjiao
Morphologically, they are hollow and not full of energy as "Zang"
Functionally, they can not generate and deposit energy like "Zang"
They have the function of transforming and storing essence.
Here whether the stomach, small intestine and large intestine are overlapped with the spleen?
This is a good question and ostensibly, they are.
But actually Chinese Medicine resolved the functions of stomach and intestines
And distribute the functions of transporting food and chyle to the stomach, small intestine and large intestine, namely three of the five hollow organs
And the digestive and absorptive functions to spleen
Then what are the functions of gallbladder?
From modern medicine’s point of view, gallbladder has the function of deposit and secrete bile
When needed, it will secrete bile into intestines
When non-needed, it will conserve it in the cholecyst
Yi Xue Jian Neng mentioned that
“Gallbladder, one of the five hollow organs, belongs to the wood, mainly functions to ascend the clear and descend the turbid and smooth the middle earth”
Compared with liver, it has the functions of "Fu"the five hollow organs, so Chinese Medicine allots it to the five hollow organs.
But at the same time, it has the function of conserving essence
So it was called extraordinary organs along with the brain, cell, marrow, bone and vein.
Because they share some similarities
Morphologically, it is hollow like the five hollow organs. Functionally, it conserves essence, like five internal organs
What is Sanjiao?
According to the five elements, Chinese medicine only has five internal organs and five hollow organs, and Sanjiao is not included.
Actually Sanjiao is not at the same classification level as the five internal organs(Zang) and the five hollow organs(Fu)
Huang di’s Canon of Medicine: Su Wen: Ling Lan Mi Dian mentioned that
“Sanjiao, the functional organ which governs the body fluid’s channeling”
which means that Sanjiao spreads all over human thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity
And is the channel of blood, qi and other body fluids
Traditionally, Shangjiao means the parts above the diaphragm, including heart and lung.
The so called smoky Shangjiao refers to its dispersing function
which makes qi, blood and body fluids all over the body like smoke
Zhongjiao lies under the diaphragm and above navel, including spleen and stomach
When they transporting and transforming decomposed food, the food will be digested.
So bubbly Zhongjiao refers to its digestive function
Xiaojiao, lies below the navel, includes liver, kidney and bladder
So Channeling Xiajiao refers to its excretory function
From the discussion, we can basically draw the following conclusions.
First, Chinese Medicine built the human body model based on viscera
Second, the viscera in Chinese Medicine are morphologically
Different from the modern medicine
Knowing these two points, we know the nature of Chinese viscera
That is all for today. Next we will further our discussion on the theory of visceral main and collateral.
Explora nuestro catálogo
Inscríbete de manera gratuita y obtén recomendaciones personalizadas, actualizaciones y ofertas.
Coursera brinda acceso universal a la mejor educación del mundo, al asociarse con las mejores universidades y organizaciones, para ofrecer cursos en línea.
© 2018 Coursera Inc. Todos los derechos reservados.
